Power Generation and Biofuel Extraction using MSW

Energy production, waste disposal, and the minimization of pollution are key problems that must be addressed for sustainable cities of the future. Furthermore, waste management has become a major concern worldwide, and incineration is now being used increasingly to treat waste that cannot be recycle

Project Title

Power Generation and Biofuel Extraction using MSW

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

Energy production, waste disposal, and the minimization of pollution are key problems that must be addressed for sustainable cities of the future. Furthermore, waste management has become a major concern worldwide, and incineration is now being used increasingly to treat waste that cannot be recycled economically.

The optimum process to generate electrical power from these combustion systems requires an understanding of the underlying thermodynamics. In addition to a simple boiler/steam turbine system, various pyro-technology systems can be considered, some of which integrate the use of fossil fuels with waste processing in order to provide superior electrical power production efficiencies. The integrated pyro technology system is conceivable in which the steam from a conventional “mass burn” waste that turn into gases and use in a combined gas turbine/steam cycle. The dramatic effect on pollution control is perhaps more significant than the efficiency improvement. Furthermore, a high temperature heat exchanger could be used in a recuperative gas turbine to achieve generation efficiencies of 60 % without the use of a steam cycle.

In addition to flue-gas clean up, the need to clean or eliminate all discharges from the overall waste, energy and pollution control plant requires the elimination of liquid effluents and conversion of ashes to usable products by thermal treatment. High waste transport costs and their low pollution lead to the conclusion that plants based on these technologies can be located acceptably within cities. This not only reduces the electrical distribution losses but also permits the “waste” heat to be used in the plant locality, resulting in overall combined heat and power efficiencies greater that 80%.

Project Objectives

The main objective of our final year projects are:

• Controlled power generation using Solid plastic waste

Solid plastic waste when decomposed in chamber and the steam generated by heat is of enough potential to drive a turbine for controlled and efficent power generationusing high temperature and high pressure steam

• Smart pollution control system

Several Technology based sensors are used for monitoring the flow of hot flue gasses to control  the polution.

• Storing CO2 from exhaust gases

Through Absorbtion columns and different sensors the CO2 is seperated from flue gasses

• Extraction of synthetic crude oil

Decomposing of plastic waste in heating chamber will also in potential to produce synthetic crude oil

Project Implementation Method

Different techniques are used for get rid of solid waste in which incineration (direct burning) is practiced for the power generation. The procedure we are going to use is Pyrolysis in our final year project. In this solid waste is municipal solid plastic used for the extraction of synthetic biofuel and power generation. In this we are going to adopt the process of pyrolysis to extract biofuel and generate electrical power. Plastic waste is of several types and this waste after cutting into smaller pieces will be added to the boiler and waste is added in the reaction chamber and catalytic reaction is done under negative pressure and in absence of oxygen to extract biofuel by decomposing the plastic waste using control system and automated techniques. The temperature of the boiler will be approximated as 450 degree Celsius by heating. In these, heated gases in the chamber are used for making steam and generate electricity using steam turbine and are controlled using controlled techniques. Different sensors are used for the control of the plant and system for different temperatures, safety alarms, and system run conditions. In this project the practice will be to store CO2 using different techniques and sensor to store in a storage tank for different industrial use. Plastic waste is burnt in a way that its gases are reused for heating the system and to make gasses pollutant free as good as possible.

Benefits of the Project

The benefits of the proposed project are:

• to reduction of environment pollution (in river s and ground caused by waste disposal and air pollution from open burning of waste) ,
• overcome of social issues occurring from illegal waste disposal (open dumping),
• The other is to conversion of non-reusable waste into combustible gases for electricity generation
• For better economic benefits
• Utilization of municipal solid waste to reduction of  the use of  fossil fuel
• For cleaner environment for better health ( odor, seeping of contaminated or polluted water ,polluted water, potential spreading of disease)  ,creation of job opportunities and the dissemination of a good municipal waste treatment  technology.

. The proposed project will include all equipment and facilities for processing the MSW and generating electricity.  The proposed cost is about 1 lac.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

In the end we will have four different outputs. These include power generation, fuel extraction, CO2 storage and controlled air pollution. Basically we use different equipment to running this process. All of the equipment is working with proper designing of materials with proper measurements. And all the outputs are related to each other by using some atomization in project. The burning chamber will burn and melt the plastic waste at temperature of 450-5000 C by using burner. And we us a specific type of solid waste to increase the efficiency of generation and it also working to limit the pollution in air.

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

Others

Core Technology

Clean Tech

Other Technologies

Others

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Climate Action

Required Resources

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