Sensor Less Control of BLDC Motor for Spraying System
In Pakistan numerous individuals just rely upon farming for their occupation. Prior farming was considered as the foundation of the nation. But presently farmer is battling hard to ensure his own spine. On account of sporadic climatic conditions and high work cost he can?t improve the yield profitab
2025-06-28 16:34:58 - Adil Khan
Sensor Less Control of BLDC Motor for Spraying System
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryIn Pakistan numerous individuals just rely upon farming for their occupation. Prior farming was considered as the foundation of the nation. But presently farmer is battling hard to ensure his own spine. On account of sporadic climatic conditions and high work cost he can’t improve the yield profitability. Chemical spraying has a significant task to carry out in limiting the harvest misfortunes and improving profitability of the harvest. Farmers utilizes various kinds of sprayers for the administration of the irrigation that includes petrol engine that is very inefficient and causes pollution. Effective management of the executives depends not just on the nature of the pesticide, but also on the utilization of right plant assurance machines and protection products. The situation nowadays in Pakistan in agricultural field is that the farmers are using things which are operate manually. More or less it’s a human error that can affect the crops protection. A little more pesticide applied to the crops would make pesticide resisting to chemicals and a little less would endanger the crop life and make it more vulnerable to pests. That way we are not protecting the crops as we should according to the designated value of pesticide chemical assigned to certain crops. This in turn can cause many ups and down to the food market and its quick availability. This way we are not delivering the harvest of which we have the ability to create. Purpose for this is that farmers of our nation are not utilizing technology well overall. In that regards the principle thought of the undertaking rotates around the utilization of computerization in farming. The project utilizes BLDC motor as a replacement for an engine to produce much higher torque to spray the pesticide from a tank and the with the help of a rod on which the sprayer nozzles are fixed are attached to a D.C geared motor which rotates every 180 degrees. The system i.e., the sprayer could be mounted on a tractor for large scale spraying i.e., in the farms and crops production fields. Other application is the utilization of watering the yields/plants without significant human work in a controlled domain, for example, nursery or a greenhouse. The system uses clean and environment friendly technology overall as it is operated only on electricity and is much efficient because maximum productivity can be achieved with minimum wasted effort or expense as compared to the regular engine-based sprayers.
Project ObjectivesThe Main objective or goal of this task/Project is to develop a sensor less control of BLDC motor that will be used to pump fluid i.e., pesticides(mainly) spray or even water through the sprayer nozzles on the crops/plants. The other part of the project is to provide dedicated infrastructure for vegetation field for pesticide spray.
Industrial Objective: As the world is rapidly moving towards smart, environment friendly and green technology solutions. The project supports these factors. This project has a wide scope of utilization in the agricultural industry and is also useful for commercial use. Since, the project is automated/Computerized, it will cut cost of human labor and is also beneficial for the remote use. The same system exists in the agriculture industry but in that system traditional internal combustion engines are used as pump. This not only causes more noise but also pollution and the efficiency of such sprayer is not very good. By the use of motor especially the BLDC motor we can improve the efficiency of sprayer machines as it is less noisy and don’t waste anything and causes pollution. The system in our project can be mounted on a tractor for large scale spraying i.e., in the farms and crops production fields.
The second objective of the project in the industry relates to the drip irrigation. This spraying system can be used in commercial nurseries where the plants are grown in a controlled domain. The system can be installed above the plant's depending upon the area and can be used to shower water on them by just a push of a switch.
Domestic Objective:
The application of our project also suits the domestic usages in which it includes garden and the spraying system would be specifically designed for it in which this system can both shower water or the pesticides on plants if needed. In gardens this system can replace traditional sprinklers.
Project Implementation MethodTheoretical frame work:
In the initial stages the project is synthesized by carrying the right information, overview of the current knowledge and by identifying the relevant theories. In this theoretical framework the gaps between the industry and innovation are addressed in the right way and then the project techniques are carried out.
Evaluation of methodological choices:
Trends and patterns were seen while choosing the right specification and the system and are evaluated with respect to the existing knowledge.
Schematics:
The next step in making this project was to make a flawless final schematic
diagram after calculating the desired output-results on which the project would
be tested.
Testing of the components:
Main components are bought of certain specifications by the generated by the calculation results. After completing the final schematic diagram all the components are tested individually to check their responses at a certain input. The output of the components is recorded and compared with the data sheets of the respective components. In case of any fault the component is replaced with a new one and after testing the results are compared with the data sheets and recorded.
Simulation:
Before implementing on the hardware, the final circuit is tested on linear circuit simulator’s and adjusted accordingly to achieve the desired output. (The simulation for this project has been made.)
Implementation on hardware:
The final step and procedure in this project are the implementation on hardware. After the right testing of all the components and simulating it correctly the project/system is set to be performed on hardware.
First of all, the single-phase A.C power supply would be brought down to much lower-level A.C then it would be converted D.C and then would again be stepped down its D.C level by switch mode power supplies. Then the three-phase inverter circuit would be designed considering the BLDC motor specifications in order to produce the controllable A.C signal for the B.LD.C motor to be driven. Here we will be using Motor driver commonly named as misfit drivers’ and would be controlled by the micro controller in order for high current switching required for the BLDC motor. One more motor will be used in the project that would be a D.C Geared motor its output shaft will be attached to a rod on which sprayer nozzles would be attached and its programming would be done in such a manner that it rotates 180 (degrees). All this setup will also require mechanical structure to be placed upon. The BLDC Motor will pump fluid from the tank and spray's the fluid by the help of prayer nozzles and the movement of deck geared motor along 180(degrees) distributes it along the path.
Benefits of the Project- Environment Friendly: The system unlike other traditional agricultural spraying system does not have internal combustion engine and produces very less noise and causes no pollution that damages the environment; hence it is a smart, green and energy efficient solution to the agricultural industry. The use of BLDC motor in the sprayer system in this project produces:
- Powerful response.
- Better Speed and torque.
- Low Noise.
- High Productivity.
2. Financial Benefits:
- Much cheaper than traditional sprayers.
- No need for the petrol expenditures again and again.
3. Low Maintenance:
- The BLDC motor requires very less maintenance and increases the durability of the product.
4. High efficiency:
- The sprayer developed by this technique would be much efficient than other's in the field.
5. Energy efficient:
- Considered eco-friendly, the system would be energy efficient, i.e., is the percentage of the energy output to the energy input would be more than 90% as compared to the internal combustion engine-based system which caters only 70% efficiency.
The final product/System will contain a 36/48 Volt Brushless DC (BLDC) motor with an output of 250 -270 watt that will pump the fluid from the tank and spray it with the help of sprayer nozzles. The D.C geared motor output shaft would be connected to a roller bar on which the sprayer nozzles would be attached. The geared motor will rotate by every 180 (degrees) so the roller bar and the sprayer nozzles also rotate with it to evenly distributes the flow of fluid coming from the tank on the field above which the roller bar rest.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry AgricultureOther Industries Food , Energy , Transportation , Others Core Technology RoboticsOther Technologies Shared Economy, Others, Clean TechSustainable Development Goals Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 35030 | |||
| BLDC hub motor | Equipment | 1 | 15000 | 15000 |
| Micro controller units | Equipment | 3 | 1000 | 3000 |
| D.C Geared Motor | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| Transformers | Equipment | 2 | 750 | 1500 |
| Bridge rectifier | Equipment | 2 | 50 | 100 |
| Opto coupler | Equipment | 3 | 50 | 150 |
| MOSFETS | Equipment | 8 | 40 | 320 |
| WIres | Equipment | 1 | 300 | 300 |
| Capacitors | Equipment | 15 | 100 | 1500 |
| PCB | Equipment | 2 | 500 | 1000 |
| IR2112 | Equipment | 6 | 100 | 600 |
| L293D | Equipment | 1 | 300 | 300 |
| Diodes | Equipment | 14 | 15 | 210 |
| Steel Rod | Equipment | 1 | 400 | 400 |
| Sprayer nozzles | Equipment | 3 | 50 | 150 |
| Steel Cage/Chassis | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| D.c geared motor stand | Equipment | 1 | 200 | 200 |
| Transport | Miscellaneous | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Linear regulator | Equipment | 3 | 100 | 300 |
| BLDC Motor stand | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |