GIS Based Slope Hazard Maping Case of China Pakistan Economic Corridor

An important approach towards hazard management study is the landslide mapping as landslides are a major cause of destruction in mountainous terrain areas. This study will present the use of geographical information system (GIS) datasets and methods to investigate landslide susceptibility in the rug

Project Title

GIS Based Slope Hazard Maping Case of China Pakistan Economic Corridor

Project Area of Specialization

Information & Communication Technology

Project Summary

An important approach towards hazard management study is the landslide mapping as landslides are a major cause of destruction in mountainous terrain areas. This study will present the use of geographical information system (GIS) datasets and methods to investigate landslide susceptibility in the rugged mountainous terrain of a CPEC route between gilgit to Khunjrab in northern areas of Pakistan. Since the construction of this highway, landslides constitute an appreciable threat, having blocked the KKH several times .Different conditioning and triggering factors for landslide occurrences will be considered for preparation of the susceptibility map. These factors include lithology, seismicity, rainfall intensity, faults, elevation, slope angle, aspect, curvature, land cover and hydrology. According to spatial and statistical analysis, active faults, seismicity and slope angle mainly control the spatial distribution of landslides. Each controlling parameter will be assigned a numerical weight by utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method.  Study area is situated in Karakorum mountainous region where catastrophic landslides occur frequently and pose a serious threat to local living conditions. Landslide susceptibility index maps will be prepared by combining four main indicators groups: (1) human induced parameters (2) topographical parameters which include slope, aspect and plan curvature; (3) hydrological parameters which contain stream power index, topographic wetness index and distance from drainage and (4) geological parameters, which consist of lithology and distance from major thrusts and faults. All the characteristic maps will be generated form the satellite imagery through GIS software i.e. ARC-GIS. An important study that would be an investigation of previous studies will be the landslide inventory mapping that is an approach to help decide the AHP numerical weights of the factors. AHP weights with a specific determined consistency ratio will be used in the preparation of ?nal map. This ratio will be combined with the thematic maps and ARC-GIS will be used to generate the final susceptibility map.

Project Objectives

Landslide susceptibility mapping is a key step preceding to landslide evaluation planning, managing and calamity alleviation. Implementing proper policies of planning and development in reducing landslide’s calamity can help out in lessening impending threats of landslide which require finding and comprehensive evaluation of this under-estimated peril. Various criteria could be considered while evaluating a multi-dimensional problem and the judgement and ambiguity of the investigator has a dominant effect on this assessment. To overcome the decision making and the uncertainty associated with the problems, conditional decision- making methodology (Analytical Hierarchy Process) has been applied in this investigation. This helped in the demonstration of linguistically framed and personally assumed knowledge in mathematical ways with consistent routine. In making the route more feasible and safer, possible provisions can be provided by generating susceptibility maps of the CPEC route as our study centers the specific areas utilizing geographical information systems and remote sensing. The findings of this study will be helpful for the future as well as the ongoing infrastructure works within the study area (Gilgit to Khunjrab) to be aware of the possible landslide locations within the region using the susceptibility map that this study will provide.

Project Implementation Method

Ten thematic layers will be selected for spatial mapping of landslide susceptibility in the study area. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) will be used to determine the weight of all parameters on the basis of the previous studies, nature and physical properties of each parameter. Each parameter will be subdivided into number of classes and rating value between 1 and 9, 1 being least susceptible and 9 most susceptible to landslides, is assigned to each class based on their potential to cause slope instability. Again, rating values will assign to each class based on previous studies and subjective expert’s opinion. This method of study is known as Landslide inventory mapping and it is dependent upon the analysis of pervious AHP and landslide hazard studies. The AHP method will used in this study to systematically assign preferences based on numerical scale .All these elements will be  compared against each other in a pair wise comparison matrix (PCM) which allows for an independent evaluation of each factor contribution and redundancy thereby reduces the measurement error as well as produces a measure of consistency of the judgments This is a systematic way to generate weights for heuristic weighted overlay method and avoid inconsistencies in the weights.

In the ?rst run, buffered layers will be used in the analysis and the output susceptibility map was divided into three main groups according to their respective level of landslide hazard. Later, a shape ?le of extent of glaciated areas in the study area will overlapped on the ?nal preliminary susceptibility map to exclude these areas. In the second run, all the 10 layers would be incorporated in WLC (AHP) analysis and then the consistency value combined with the thematic maps will help generate the final susceptibility map of the study area.

Benefits of the Project

In landslide hazard management, the prepared landslide susceptibility maps play an important role. GIS-based qualitative and quantitative approaches help in the preparation of these maps. For cracking a multi-factor problem such as landslide occurrences, AHP method holds an importance. But, in identifying the comparative importance of these causative influences, assorted professionals hold different ideas. Therefore, it is important to study landslide inventory mapping to provide a real time human decisive approach. The result and the efficiency of the result is reliant on to the eminence of provided data, but the method used is so simple that results can be updated and generated rapidly on demand.

The increased number of activities on steep mountain slopes is mainly due to the increasing population pressure. Landslides being a heavy disaster event cause are not just a sudden causality that can be rectified in the moment, they cause damage to infrastructure, resources as well carnal life. Thus, susceptibility maps can be used as a basic aid in dealing with land and development of future construction projects in areas such as this, to shield social life and infrastructure from landslides. More detailed investigations and landslide prevention engineering solutions are required for the areas where the susceptibility is very high. If the proper engineering prevention techniques are adopted, if not eliminated altogether threat to life and property can be greatly reduced.  As proposed by the results, active faults, slope angle, seismicity and lithology are the important landslide influencing factors along the highway. This study will provide the location of critical landslide vulnerable zones that would make it easy of the new construction planning industries to know where there is safe zone for urbanization that won’t be effected by landslides.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Following deliverables will be provided throughout the study:

Landslide inventory mapping:

Several investigators made landslide inventory map, through airborne photographs and satellite images. Important landslide conditioning factors and their selection. The previous studies will be analyzed based on their AHP numerical weigh judgement and then the importance would be accessed in the numerical weight distribution on out AHP study.

Landslide triggering factors:

For the preparation of landslide susceptibility map, succeeding 12 activating factors will be explored: elevation, slope, lithology, rainfall, drainage intensity, NDWI, distance from faults, land use, seismicity, NDVI, aspect and curvature. Event landslide events along KKH, includes debris flows, mudflows, wedging, toppling, rock fall, rock avalanches, debris slides and rock slides.

Structuring of thematic maps:

In organizing the thematic layers of elevation, slope aspect and curvature; natural break procedure will be used in GIS. Through the process of interpolation of annual rainfall data. Precipitation map will formed, and later it was assembled with the preceding published annual rainfall map of Pakistan Metrological Department (PMD). For the preparation of thematic of land cover, land cover map will be used. Drainage will be extracted using STRM-based DEM from Arc Hydro tools. Slope and elevation maps will also be extracted through DEM imagery.

Analytical hierarchy process (AHP):

Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) will be used to assign a numerical weighting to landslide causative factors by studying the landslide inventory and applying decisive approach. A framework-based pair-wise judgement of the role of various variables is done using AHP. This method will clearly identify the dominant factor among all the inclusive factors and is a key to the generation of the final landslide susceptibility map.

 Landslide susceptibility map:

A final susceptibility map will be generated through ARC-GIS software that would be a combination of the thematic maps of the triggering factors as well as the analysis of the CR (Consistency Ratio) obtained from the numerical AHP ( Analytical Hierarchy Process ) . This will be an inventory map that would help the future policy makers to construct in a safe zone as it will provide them a clean and clear visual of the zones that are more susceptible to the landslides.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Software System

Core Industry

IT

Other Industries

Core Technology

Augmented & Virtual Reality

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

Required Resources

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