Super capacitor Based solar Backup System For Emergency Power Supply

Highly reliable and stable backup power-source is essential .Main utility power can be offline, but critical systems must be powered.This power is provided by an energy bond of Lead-Acid batteries.Batteries are about 100 years old technology still with many pits and fall yet to be solved. Batteries

Project Title

Super capacitor Based solar Backup System For Emergency Power Supply

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

Highly reliable and stable backup power-source is essential .Main utility power can be offline, but critical systems must be powered.This power is provided by an energy bond of Lead-Acid batteries.Batteries are about 100 years old technology still with many pits and fall yet to be solved. Batteries are still major power storage systems with about 98% share. Batteries store energies electromechanically in the form of Ions or chemical higher energy states.

Even with current efforts placed to improve lead-acid batteries, still there are three major problems with these batteries

(1)    Life of Lead-Acid batteries is still average 3 years.

 (2) Each Lead-Acid battery contains significant amount of lead which is now considered dangerous for environment and carcinogenic. So use of these batteries near population cause significant risk of lead exposure which is a big environment concern.

 (3)   In their useful life most of the Lead-Acid batteries require maintenance, which may include handling of sulfuric acid (H2So4) which is a corrosive chemical.

These problems can be effectively reduced with the use of super capacitor backup system .Almost 10 to 100 times more capacity.Totally maintenance free , operational life is about 30 years which is 10 times as that of Lead-Acid batteries.

In some applications (Regenerative System of Piezo Electricity) frequent charge & discharge of Battery effects its life time. To overcome this problem we are using super capacitors instead of batteries.

Project Objectives

Objectives:

1. To study super capacitor operation and power levels
2. Analysis of backup power requirement for conventional grid system
3. Design of capacitor bank
4. Optimal serial parallel configuration of super capacitor based upon efficiency
5. Analysis of charging curves of super capacitor
6. Design of constant current super capacitor energy dispatch/storage system with cutoff
7. Calculations of minimum capacitor terminal voltage which will deliver 90% of the power
8. Design of boost converter to generate fixed voltage from a discharging bank of capacitors
9. Analyzing power storage efficiencies, power delivery efficiencies and optimal backup time of capacitor bank.

Project Implementation Method

Our system consist of DC bus bar, Supercapacitor bank with series and parallel configuration of supercapacitors, charging circuit, switching circuit, boost circuit, monitoring and protection circuits. Supercapacitors are basic components to store energy. Supercapacitor bank supply desired voltage (110V) to instruments in control room. When supercapacitor bank provide power to instruments, their output voltage reduces. In order to maintain the output voltage at 110V, boost converter is used. Boost converter is connected to supercapacitor bank through DC bus bar. With the passage of time, energy store in the supercapacitor bank decreases, so charging of supercapacitors is required. Here we use constant current charger to charge the supercapacitor bank in order to restore the energy of supercapacitors and supply of power without any interruption. Switching circuit is used to switch seamlessly between supercapacitor bank and main supply. When main supply is off, switching circuit immediately switch to supercapacitor bank in order to provide power without any interruption. When main supply is available, switching circuit immediately switch to main supply. To supply power from main supply, first it is step down to 110V DC and then supplies to instruments. Monitoring system is used to monitor the voltage level at output 10V DC bus bar. Circuit breakers are used for the protection of system in case of any emergency or short circuit.

Benefits of the Project

• Almost 10 to 100 times more capacity.
• Totally maintenance free , operational life is about 30 years which is 10 times as that of Lead-Acid batteries.
• Batteries experience weakness like rapid decrease in performance due to fast charge discharge cycle and cold environmental condition.
• Discharging temperature of Battery is -20 to 60 degree centigrade but discharging temperature of supercapacitors is -40 to 65 degree centigrade.
• Each Lead-Acid battery contains significant amount of lead which is now considered dangerous for environment and carcinogenic. So use of these batteries near population cause significant risk of lead exposure which is a big environment concern.
• In their useful life most of the Lead-Acid batteries require maintenance, which may include handling of sulfuric acid (H2So4) which is a corrosive chemical.
• In some applications (Regenerative System of Piezo Electricity) frequent charge & discharge of Battery effects its life time. To overcome this problem we are using super capacitors instead of batteries.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Temporary backup power is a common requirement for a wide range of applications whenever the main power source is suddenly unavailable. Examples include data backup applications ranging from servers to solid-state drives, power fail alarms in industrial or medical applications, and a host of other “dying gasp” functions where orderly power-down must be assured and system status communicated to a powered host. In the past, these types of high reliability systems used batteries to provide an uninterrupted power source whenever the main supply of power was inadequate or unavailable. However, many trade-offs accompany battery backup, including long charge times, limited battery lifetime and cycle life, safety and reliability concerns, and large physical size. With the advent of high value electric double layer capacitors, better known as supercapacitors, alternate backup architectures may be employed which eliminate many of these trade-offs.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Transportation

Other Industries

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Climate Action

Required Resources

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