Smart Battery Management System for Electric vehicle

Currently the most commonly used storage technology for photovoltaic application (PV) are batteries. The problem is that PV system are not an ideal source for charging batteries. As the output of the PV is not constant, it vary according to the sun position. So, a battery management system (BMS) is

Project Title

Smart Battery Management System for Electric vehicle

Project Area of Specialization

Artificial Intelligence

Project Summary

Currently the most commonly used storage technology for photovoltaic application (PV) are batteries. The problem is that PV system are not an ideal source for charging batteries. As the output of the PV is not constant, it vary according to the sun position. So, a battery management system (BMS) is required. The main aim of BMS is to optimize the use of battery and prolong the life of a battery in order to making the overall system more reliable and cost effective. Many monitoring techniques are used to monitor the battery state of charge, temperature, power, voltage and charging/discharging of current.  For monitoring purpose, digital and analog sensors with microcontrollers are used. The battery information and the obtained results explaining the main characteristics of the system are presented by the LCD screen.

The control strategy employed on electrical properties of Dry cell/Acid regulated batteries by the battery management system (BMS) of a PV application and electric vehicle. This project also covers a cost effective Battery Testing System (BTS) which will provide constant charging and discharging of current, voltage and power simultaneously. Moreover, a Dc to Dc boost converter, lab view programme and an MPPT algorithm will also be designed for improving the charging and discharging of the battery.

Project Objectives

• Hardware implementation of a Standalone PV system will be developed
• Hardware implementation of Battery Management System (BMS).
• Design a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) programmable algorithm.
• Hardware implementation of Battery Testing System (BTS).
• Simulation modelling of BTS on lab view.

Project Implementation Method

Battery management system (BMS) will measure the main parameters of battery packs such as current, voltage, power and temperature, estimate the state of charge (SOC) of battery. The block diagram of battery management system is portrayed in Fig.1. The main blocks are Main  supply, DC to DC converter, charger controller, Pv panel, MPPT algorithm and batteries. These will provide us a more efficient and reliable system.

(1) In current measuring method there are two ways to measure current in an electric car. One way is to measure with a Hall -effect sensor around the wire where the current flows. The Hall -effect sensor measurement is based on measuring the magnetic field around the cable which is proportional to the flowing current. Another way to measure current is to use a shunt resistor.

 (2) In voltage measure method the BMS -master needed a high voltage sense in order to verify the state of the contactors, control the pre-charge processes safely and measure the total battery voltage. This was one of the great improvements in the new BMS -system from the safety point of view. (3) In capacitive measurement if the battery has been charging longer than the time indicated through microcontroller for that capacity and State of charge. This microcontroller is compiled for resistance measurements and cycling data from batteries at end-of life. (4) In Charge Efficiency it measures the amount of self-discharge. This method also requires that any temperature, rate, and cut-off Voltage differences between charge and discharge. (5) Measurement of increase in temperature due to an internal-cell short.

The other main part of this project Battery testing system (BTS) contains main parameters of battery packs such as temperature, constant voltage and constant current charging, estimate battery life. The block diagram of battery testing system is portrayed in Fig.2. The main blocks are kalman extended filter for measuring of (SOC), Computer lab view program, DAQ, and charge controller.

Benefits of the Project

A user-configurable BMS and BTS are very important for the long life of a battery.  Safety of following parameters were improved by means of a modular design.

• High voltage/ Under voltage
• Over current/ Under current
• Constant current/voltage
• Constant charging
• cost efficient

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

1. Any Source device must be connected to the socket.

2. curent and voltage sensors are used to detect the reading from the paneland sent to Microcontroller

3. The connection between Micro-controller (NI-Myrio) is developed with other components such as DC/DC, controllor and on BTS in order to control the system.

4. Micro-controller turns the reading according to our build in requirements.

5. MPPT is fast enough to capture the maximum power.

6. Inputs from the panel are stored in a batteries through our controlloed system.

7. The microcontroller makes decisions on the bases of build in simulink models

10. The device sends feedback to the controller after removing the fault.

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Type of Industry

Energy

Technologies

Artificial Intelligence(AI)

Sustainable Development Goals

Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

Required Resources

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