Pure Sine Wave 3-phase on Grid Inverter Designing and Implementation
Pakistan is one of those countries, which are suffering from power crises. Production capacity in Pakistan is satisfactory but the price of electricity production is very high. In order to get rid of the power crises, alternate sources of electricity are sought. PV Solar power generation is one meth
2025-06-28 16:28:53 - Adil Khan
Pure Sine Wave 3-phase on Grid Inverter Designing and Implementation
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryPakistan is one of those countries, which are suffering from power crises. Production capacity in Pakistan is satisfactory but the price of electricity production is very high. In order to get rid of the power crises, alternate sources of electricity are sought. PV Solar power generation is one method that is renewable and is expected to support households reliably and for reasonably extensive periods of time. The main component of a solar renewable system is an Inverter that gives AC, apart from the PV panel. The demand of solar power system in our country is rising exponentially but the commercial scale manufacturing is not meeting that demand. That is why these solar panels (including the inverters) are imported from other countries like China. Importing PV panels and inverters cause heavy burden on the import bill and a lot of foreign currency is spent. It seems quite obvious that more and more people in our country will resort to solar based renewable resources to avoid heavy bills. The trend of importing everything related to this source will cause a decline in the economy of our State.
To overcome this, we have multiple alternatives, mainly conventional and the hybrid solar system. Conventional solar system works as an alternative to the main power supply and it doesn’t supports switching between two supplies. While hybrid solar system switches between two power sources alternatively without any interruption. Inverters that are being used commonly do not supply pure sinusoidal wave, which causes energy losses. The idea to overcome this problem is to design a system that delivers pure sinusoidal wave, unlike reshaping/clipping the dc supply into sinusoidal wave. The inverter that will be developed will be able to work in three stages. The initial stage will be the direct generation of electricity from a PV panel. The second stage will be battery charging, and those batteries will be able to provide backup power in the absence of sunlight. Because it is an on-grid inverter, it will activate the grid when there is no sunshine
Project ObjectivesWe are going to design Pure Sine Wave 3-Phase on Grid Inverter Designing and Implementation. Following are the points that will be kept in mind while designing:
- Design and implement a 3-phase pure sine wave on-grid inverter.
- Implement the capability to automatically select the power supply to the demand side from batteries, PV panel or from Power Supply Company.
- System will be capable of connecting on-grid, so that net metering can be done and the system is acceptable to NEPRA (National Electric Power Regulatory Authority) for contract.
- Design and implement circuit protection in case of demand site short circuit or supply side surge.
- Designing and implementing a charging system that adjusts itself according to the charging behavior/curve of the batteries used.
The PV panel is the first step in putting the project together. When sunlight is turned into electrical energy by photovoltaic panels, which concentrate solar radiations, the energy is converted into alternating current voltage. In this case, the MPPT is linked to the PV solar panels. For the conversion from dc to dc, an MPPT (maximum power point tracker) will be utilized, which will maximize match between the solar PV panel and the battery bank or utility grid. It will transfer that dc power to an inverter, which will then utilize that dc supply to charge a battery that is attached to the inverter. It is equipped with a high-tech charger that adapts its charging behavior to the kind of battery being used and will convert the dc power into an alternating current that can be utilized in home appliances. The inverter will be linked to the grid, and if there is no sunshine and the PV panels are not generating electricity, the inverter will use the backup power provided by the utility company. If there is no battery backup, the system will be reversed, and then the grid will provide power to the building. When the PV solar panels generate excess energy, the surplus energy is sent to the power grid via the system
Benefits of the ProjectPV power plants have been identified as a critical element in increasing the quantity of renewable energy produced in order to decrease fossil fuel usage. PV power plants need effective power conversion stages in order to integrate the generated energy into the utility grid. Solar energy is getting more popular and less expensive all the time. Many design considerations must be made while developing three-phase inverters for grid-connected solar systems. Decisions on design trade-offs are critical to establishing a successful system and attaining customer satisfaction. Larger solar systems with capacities ranging from 5kW to 1MW are becoming highly common, emphasizing the significance of three-phase grid-connected inverters in the photovoltaic sector.
An inverter is included in the project design. The inverter will be grid-connected and three-phase, receiving DC from the solar panel and converting it to alternating current (AC). An inverter that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) is known as a pure sine wave inverter (AC). A sine wave is a continuous wave that represents the smooth repeating oscillation of a sine wave. There are two kinds of sine wave inverters: pure sine wave inverters and modified sine wave inverters. The main difference is in the electronics. Modified sine wave inverters utilize simpler and less expensive circuitry to generate a wave that isn't nearly as smooth as a smooth sine wave. A pure sign wave inverter will be developed in this section. The inverter will switch in three ways: first, if the panel is receiving photons from the sun and generating electricity directly through the solar panel, second, it will keep the batteries charging all the time in order to create a backup, and third, it will keep the batteries charging all the time in order to create a backup. If there is no sunlight (say, at night), the battery will provide backup but only for a limited period, and the third is that when the battery backup runs out, it will switch over to the grid directly. In addition, this inverter would be manufactured in Pakistan at a low cost. Although energy is cost-effective in Pakistan, not every home can afford a photovoltaic (PV) panel installation. The inverter will be designed in such a way that it may be purchased at a reasonable price. The need to import these inverters will progressively diminish, and the state's economy will benefit as a result. Finally, it will be put up for commercial sale.
Technical Details of Final Deliverable Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other IndustriesCore Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean EnergyRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 39390 | |||
| lcd | Equipment | 1 | 800 | 800 |
| arduino mega | Equipment | 1 | 2700 | 2700 |
| ic | Equipment | 3 | 80 | 240 |
| ds pic | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| wave rectifier | Equipment | 1 | 120 | 120 |
| adapter | Equipment | 1 | 250 | 250 |
| buck converter | Equipment | 4 | 150 | 600 |
| heat sink | Equipment | 6 | 180 | 1080 |
| fet driver ic | Equipment | 3 | 170 | 510 |
| fet | Equipment | 24 | 160 | 3840 |
| resistors | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| transformer | Equipment | 3 | 7000 | 21000 |
| relay modle | Equipment | 1 | 450 | 450 |
| potentio transformer | Equipment | 3 | 300 | 900 |
| wood sheet | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| pc | Equipment | 1 | 3400 | 3400 |