Performance evaluation of gasoline engine using HHO

Outdoor air pollution is classified as carcinogenic to humans and exposure to it contributes to increased incidence of various diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological or pulmonary disorders. Vehicle engine emissions represent a momentous part of outdoor air pollutants, particularly in large

Project Title

Performance evaluation of gasoline engine using HHO

Project Area of Specialization

Mechanical Engineering

Project Summary

Outdoor air pollution is classified as carcinogenic to humans and exposure to it contributes to increased incidence of various diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological or pulmonary disorders. Vehicle engine emissions represent a momentous part of outdoor air pollutants, particularly in large cities with high population density. Considering the potentially negative health impacts of engine emissions exposure, the application of reliable test systems allowing assessment of the biological effects of these pollutants is crucial. The exposure systems should use relevant, preferably multicellular, cell models that are treated with the complete engine exhaust (i.e. a realistic mixture of particles, chemical compounds bound to them and gaseous phase) at the air-liquid interface.

The electricity and transportation sector are the gigantic benefactor to the overall emissions in Pakistan. To meet its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction target as agreed in the Paris Agreement, Pakistan has initiated various energy policy incentives and mechanisms to support renewable power generation.

Pakistan’s automobile industry is swiftly mushroom in Asia. The production and sales have both grown by 171% and 172.5% respectively between (2014 and 2018), all of which has been fueled by the Automotive Development Policy introduced in 2016.

Motorcycle production hit a record level in 2016–17, with 2.5 million units made. In 2015, the Auto Policy 2016-21 was introduced, to help lure new automakers, which has traditionally been dominated by Honda.

Average mileage of a car in Pakistan is around 10 to 12km/liter of fuel. We are aiming to increase that mileage to 24 to 25km/liter by introducing efficient HHO Fuel cell in vehicles.

The cardinal objective of this study to design and fabricate hydroxyl (HHO) Fuel cell to produce maximum yield of HHO. The design parameters of HHO cell will be optimized using design of experiment (DOE) method. However, the efficiency of HHO fuel cell will determine using different concentration of electrolyte and applied voltages. The material degradation is critical part HHO cell. Nonetheless, the material degradation on different concentration of electrolytes and current have been investigated in this study.

Project Objectives

The rapidly depleting fossil fuels, as well as the devastating effects of climate change, have propelled the search for a unsullied and sustainable source of energy.

Green hydrogen is defined as hydrogen produced by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity.

The objective of this work was to construct a simple innovative HHO generation system and evaluate the effect of hydroxyl gas HHO addition, as an engine performance improver, into gasoline fuel on engine performance and control emissions.

 There are three main objectives of this study are described as under.

1.         To Fabricate HHO cell under different geometrical parameters.

2.         To optimized geometrical parameters and concentration of electrolytes in designed HHO cell using design of Experiment (DOE).

3.         To install HHO cell in Internal combustion (IC) engine for evaluation engine performance.

Project Implementation Method

The current research implements an electrolyte cell that generates HHO by disintegrate distilled water (H2O). Heat is associated with water decomposition and sodium bicarbonate may be added gradually to accelerate the decomposing of H2O into HHO and assure control of the heat generation. Water molecules are separated into He HO and generate HHO in electrolysis process. Due to this separation high potential energy gas formed with caloric value (of HHO gas) three times than that of gasoline. Fuel Cell (FC) is a fuel deliver gadget made of several parts that divulge the viability of having environmental friendly engines in the near future. The designed and optimized HHO fuel cell in this study will be installed in IC engine for evaluating operational results. The developed Hydrogen gas from HHO cell will blended with gasoline fuel for evaluating engine performance such as fuel consumption, engine power, break thermal efficiency and exhaust gas emissions.

Benefits of the Project

1. Renewable and Readily Available

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the Universe and despite the challenges associated with its extraction from water, is a uniquely abundant and renewable source of energy,perfect for our future zero-carbon needs for combined heat and power supplies.

2. Hydrogen is a Clean and Flexible Energy Source to support Zero-Carbon Energy Strategies

Hydrogen fuel cells provide an inherently clean source of energy, with no adverse environmental impact during operation as the byproducts are simply heat and water. Unlike biofuel or hydropower, hydrogen doesn’t require large areas of land to produce. In fact, NASA have even been working on using hydrogen as a resource with the water produced as a byproduct being used as drinking water for astronauts. This shows that hydrogen fuel cells are a non-toxic fuel source and therefore superior in this way to coal, natural gas and nuclear power which are all either potentially dangerous or hard to obtain. Production, storage and use of hydrogen will play an important role in driving further development of renewable energy, by balancing their intermittent supply modalities with the challenging end-user demands, avoiding the need for significant early investment to upgrade grid infrastructure.

3. More Powerful and Energy Efficient than Fossil Fuels

Hydrogen fuel cell technology provides a high-density source of energy with good energy efficiency. Hydrogen has the highest energy content of any common fuel by weight. High pressure gaseous and liquid hydrogen have around three times the gravimetric energy density (around 120MJ/kg) of diesel and LNG and a similar volumetric energy density to natural gas.  These  

4. Highly Efficient when Compared to Other Energy Sources

Hydrogen fuel cells are more efficient than many other energy sources, including many green energy solutions. This fuel efficiency allows for the production of more energy per pound of fuel. For example, a conventional combustion based power plant generates electricity at 33-35% efficiency compared to up to 65% for hydrogen fuel cells. The same goes for vehicles, where hydrogen fuel cells use 40-60% of the fuel’s energy while also offering a 50% reduction in fuel consumption.

5. Almost Zero Emissions

Hydrogen fuel cells do not generate greenhouse gas emissions as for fossil fuel sources, thus reducing pollution and improving air quality as a result.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

There are two main parameters will be taken into consideration. 
•    Flat plate based HHO fuel cell 
•    Perforated plate baes HHO fuel cell
However, the performance of the HHO fuel cell has been evaluated by adjusting the gap between the plates and varying wt% of electrolyte and voltages.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Transportation

Other Industries

Energy , Health

Core Technology

Wearables and Implantables

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate Action

Required Resources

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