IoT based Smart Microgrid Energy Management System

Project Title

IoT based Smart Microgrid Energy Management System

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

The project aim to fulfil the objective of sustainable, secure and economical power supply with consumers involvement. The main goals are reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, enhancement of grid reliability and energy self-sufficiency in distributed energy domains. 

A system developed for saving, monitoring the utilization, controlling and conservation of electrical energy. It is achieved with the help of sensing, monitoring and analyzing the statics of load and applying algorithm with the help of microcontrollers and Internet of Things (IoT) technology that make our system capable of selecting an energy source from either the power grid or PV system, according to the amount of power demand. Moreover the smart microgrid efficiently utilize the  harvested solar energy by mutual sharing subject to the availability. Furthermore it includes the schedule and control mechanism, incorporated for time automatic control of different appliances to reduce energy usage during peak hours with or without consumer intervention to reduce the electricity invoice.

Project Objectives

• Sustainable, secure and economical power supply system with consumers involvement.
• Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions with incorporation of Solar PV System as a renewable energy system.
• Enhancement of grid reliability and energy self-sufficiency in distributed energy domains. 
• Energy conservation by efficient utilization of distributed energy generated locally.
• Managing the loads in peak hours to reduce electrical invoice.
• To help improving the peak load shaving for national power supply system.

Project Implementation Method

Design and development of Microgrid

• Incorporating Solar PV Generation system with the utility grid
• Charge controller for battery storage system
• Invertor to drive AC Loads

Integration of IoT with the system

• Implementing sensing and control mechanism for demand side load management
• Coding/ programming, applying algorithm to get the desired response on the microcontroller
• Developing user friendly GUI/Application for monitoring and control

Prototype development

•  Overall integration of the project
• Final Testing

Benefits of the Project

• Distributed energy generation helps in meeting the growing energy requirement
• Efficient utilization of collected solar energy 
• Peak load shaving with peak hours load management
• Provision of clean and affordable energy
• Reduce the dependency on conventional thermal generation consequently impacting country economy by reduction in petroleum import.
• Environment protection by reduction in carbon emission

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

A prototype modeled as a microgrid with two houses having different load demands each having installed a 50W solar PV panel, a charge controller, battery storage 7.5Ah, Invertor and a controller unit. They utilize solar energy harvested in day time to supply loads and store the excessive energy for use in night and/or during peak hours. They also share their stored energy with others on demand subject to availability. The each consumer have different kind of load i.e. first connected to conventional power supply grid only (representing Air Conditioners, Water pump and vaccum cleaner etc) second and third can switch between solar and grid, they can also run on shared solar power of the smart microgrid.

The smart grid will consist of a master controller and two slaves both slaves will be sharing thier data with the master controller with the help of IoT technology which will decide and record the sharing of the solar harvested energy in DC form.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Others Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate ActionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	38974
Arduino board	Equipment	3	1450	4350
Wireless Transmitter/Receiver Pin HC11	Equipment	3	950	2850
Node MCU	Equipment	3	850	2550
Double pole double through Relays	Equipment	6	300	1800
single pole single through Relay	Equipment	12	200	2400
Printed Circuit Board Sheet	Equipment	1	600	600
FET Z44	Equipment	16	75	1200
ON/OFF Relay	Equipment	14	171	2394
Transistor BD139	Equipment	8	40	320
Capacitor 150uF	Equipment	3	80	240
Potentiometer	Equipment	4	40	160
Voltage Regulator LM7812	Equipment	2	50	100
Voltage Regulator LM7805	Equipment	2	50	100
Rectifier 2A	Equipment	2	180	360
IC 4047	Equipment	3	90	270
Heat Sink	Equipment	12	20	240
Solar Panel 50W	Equipment	2	3800	7600
Battery 7.5Ah	Equipment	2	1600	3200
Soldering Iron	Equipment	1	400	400
Hard Board	Equipment	1	1000	1000
LED Lamp/ Bulb	Equipment	4	450	1800
Fan/ Motor	Equipment	2	500	1000
Lamp Holders	Equipment	4	60	240
ON/OFF Switches	Equipment	30	10	300
Circuit Breaker	Equipment	2	450	900
wires, connectors, clips, saddles, screws	Miscellaneous	1	1000	1000
FeCl chemical /PCB printing, Etching etc	Miscellaneous	1	600	600
Stationary and printing	Miscellaneous	1	1000	1000