IOT based smart Grid

During the last decade, the world has given much more attention to the introduction of smart systems and appliances in our lives. This has been done to meet the current requirement for making a comfortable life for human beings. Therefore, the electric power sector has also come up with the necessar

Project Title

IOT based smart Grid

Project Area of Specialization

Internet of Things

Project Summary

During the last decade, the world has given much more attention to the introduction of smart systems and appliances in our lives. This has been done to meet the current requirement for making a comfortable life for human beings. Therefore, the electric power sector has also come up with the necessary innovation to fulfill and compensate the demand of electric supply, and to make use of electric resources effectively by introducing "Smart-Grid". The smart grid system is a part of the transformation and reformation in power industry sectors. It is the future power system which utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT) for monitoring, controlling and creating a lot of intelligent communications in the electrical system. The fundamental architecture of the Internet of Things (IoT) includes connecting of objects to the internet. The key technologies of IoT for Smart Grid include internet cloud for data storage, android application or website at user end and a Wi-Fi module for communication or data acquisition. The idea of applied communication, the framework of electricity transmission and distribution monitoring, based on IoT has proved itself very effective over time. The deployment of IoT technologies in Power System infrastructures would boost up the smart grid development and enhance the electricity services making it robust, attractive, responsive and communicative. In this work, the design of a smart grid system based on IoT has been proposed and implemented. The architecture of the proposed system, it’s working, and the challenges in the system design are analyzed in order to improve the optimization of the system using Smart grid itself

Project Objectives

Recent technological advancement in wireless networks, efficient sensors, embedded systems and the internet allows us to modernize and change the way to deliver and produce power and services to make life better.

Our main aims of the project are:

• Continuous monitoring of the power system
• Voltage, Current and Power storage on the cloud and connect it to the mobile app.
• Theft detection and prevention on the user end.
• Usage of two power sources to minimize the scarcity in power supply
• Automatic switching of sources.

Project Implementation Method

IoT has brought revolution after the internet. It has given a new way to think and change the way of life. Connecting anything to the internet and making it intelligible to drive life easily. IoT based Smart Grid is also one of the revolutionary steps towards making a power sector intelligible. It is the owner as well as a user-friendly system. Allows owners to monitor the Grid system’s efficiency and energy consumption. From the aspect of security, the Smart Grid system is also concerned about electricity theft and if any person attempts to steal electricity he or she will be detected within a seconds by Smart Grid system. Electricity theft detection makes this system also energy and cost efficient. Electricity theft is an immense problem of the power sector and eliminating this problem could save millions of dollars which are wasted in power theft.

The user also enjoys the benefits of Smart Grid. User can check its unit consumed on android application. IoT based Smart Grid system is reliable, cost-effective and time-saving. Load shedding and low voltages are also the main issues of our country in many areas. When electricity shuts down millions of people are affected and businesses of public also affected due to load shedding. To minimize this problem we here used a concept of two ways power as one from WAPDA and other from solar energy. When any of these sources shut down the system will shift to another source to save the time of consumers. Connecting a Smart Grid to Wi-Fi-module which further connected to the cloud and makes Smart Grid a feasible system.

Benefits of the Project

There are many advantages of the smart grid in which some of them are:

• It will decrease the blackout and save expansive appliances. For example, you don’t always know the timing of low voltages or high voltage and also does not know when the one source is facing fault. Unfortunately, when any of them happens it will be costly to you in term of economics. So. In that time smart grid (Proposed) will be great dealt of help for switching and protection.
• It will decrease energy consumption. Digital energy meter allows the consumer to know the consumed units.
• It will save electricity. Power theft always harmful to the electric company and consumers. So, by detecting the theft at the start allow to prevent it more rapidly.
• It is also environment-friendly. The renewable energy source is the future of our planet and a key factor in reducing carbon emission.
• It will save time. Due to the automatic switching, there is no human workforce needed.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The technical details of the final deliverables are:

1- The first voltage is 214. Because of the limit (200V-230V) we already set for Normal mode ( First source), it will operate normally. When the voltages cross the limit and reached at 198 Volts, it will show a message on energy meter for protection alert and automatically switched to the inverter (2nd source). The grid works efficiently at inverter (2nd Source) until the voltages again up or crosses the 200 voltages. Now, when voltages at 204 then it will again convert to Normal mode ( 1st source). Now, it will again change the source, when voltages cross its peak (230 volts). So, by using 2nd source and automatic switching (machine switching) it is easy to overcome the sudden long power failure and by limiting the voltages provide the prevention of burning appliances due to low and high voltages.

2- At the initial stage, when we connect the system and all the load is active for a long time it is showing 32 Units which is higher. But after using the less delay (20-30 seconds), we can see the actual consuming units at every minute. After observing the graph, it is clearly indicated that consuming units is changing every minute according to their usage. 

3- When an extra load is attached, the current consumed by the consumers is increased and goes to 0.74 Ampere's. After sometimes, when extra or another source is off the current graph also change and it will go to 0.16 Ampere's.

4- We are using an alarm system for alerting the consumer for protection and theft detection. We set three states for alarm. At 0 states everything is working perfectly means no theft and no low or how high voltages. At state 1, there is a check on power theft.  At state 2, there is a protection alert. And when everything is normal it will again go to at 0 stage and there is no message at app.

5- First user should have login on app. After successful login the following screen will appear. In this screen voltage, current, the power used, and no of units consumed by the user will be displayed. Furthermore, it will indicate the status of theft detection. If there is any theft of electricity this will display a message that is theft detected otherwise it will display a normal message. Similarly for protection system. If the voltage is in our threshold range then it will display normal message otherwise it will indicate under voltages or over voltages message or theft alarm also be indicated.

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Type of Industry

Energy

Technologies

Internet of Things (IoT)

Sustainable Development Goals

Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

Required Resources

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