IoT based Flood Detection System
1. Introduction Overflowing of water in dry land is generally known as flood. Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change explained that flood is the situation of water overflow or the excessive accumulation of water on specific areas which are not submerged usually. Flash flo
2025-06-28 16:28:05 - Adil Khan
IoT based Flood Detection System
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary1. Introduction
Overflowing of water in dry land is generally known as flood. Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change explained that flood is the situation of water overflow or the excessive accumulation of water on specific areas which are not submerged usually. Flash floods, river floods, urban floods, coastal floods, and sewer floods are different forms of floods usually prevail subject to varying mechanism. Fundamentally, risk of flood may prevail anywhere. Flood can befall when riotous amount of water arches across a piece of land. The source of water may be river, lake, or the sea. If there is a hole in a defense built to hold water, it could also bring flood. Furthermore, flood may prevail pertinent to excessive rains and profligate melting of glaciers. Erratic weather patterns have become a prime reason behind flood occurrences as well. Researchers endorse precipitation as significant determinants of intermittent climate. Threshold for flood occurrence upsurges with annual rise in average rainfall.
Floods are a common natural disaster that occurs almost every year in our country. Floods not only destroy agricultural fields and producers, but they also take a significant toll on life. This is why early flood detection is extremely vital to prevent the loss of life and valuable assets.
The Proposed IoT-based flood detection system monitors and tracks different natural factors (humidity, temperature, water level, etc.) like to predict a flood, thereby allowing us to take the necessary measures for minimizing the damage caused. IoT based flood detection system uses sensors to collect the data for all the relevant natural factors. For instance, a digital temperature humidity sensor detects the fluctuations in humidity and temperature. On the other hand, a float sensor continually monitors the water level.
Source: “Annual disaster statistical review reports 2006–2015. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université catholique de Louvain – Brussels, Belgium”.
Graph above illustrates the prevalence of natural disasters during 2000–2016 in Asia. Flood is the most prominent disaster with share of 41.27 in Asian region. During the period of 2000–2016, Asia faced more or less 2692 disasters (floods, earthquakes, landslides, extreme temperatures, storm, drought, wildfire, and epidemic). Storms posed one fourth (26.82%) share among disasters followed by 11.44% occurrence of earthquake. However, there is a significant gap between occurrence of flood and other disasters. Generally, it can be said that Asian region is more vulnerable to floods at present and in future as well.
2. Problem Statement
In this project we are going to propose a technique for detecting and monitoring the natural disaster i.e. flood. Which has a severe effect on life of living things and also agricultures.
Project ObjectivesObjectives
- To design a flood detection system
- Water temperature monitoring
- Water level monitoring
- To design an alert system for community
Methdology and Implementaion
An IoT early flood detection and avoidance system is proposed as a solution to this problem. The project consists of five sensors which are temperature, humidity, water level, flow, and ultrasonic sensors. The project also consists of an Arduino controller, a Wi-Fi module, an LCD screen, a buzzer, and an IOT remote server-based platform.
The five different sensors measure the various environmental and weather-related parameters and monitor them constantly. The data from these sensors is constantly fed to an Arduino controller. The Arduino program constantly checks for any irregularities in the sensor measurements and estimates the weather conditions based on the sensor data. A Wi-Fi module is also connected to the Arduino controller. The Arduino sends the sensor data to the remote IOT platform using the IOT protocols over the Wi-Fi connection. The LCD is used to display the real-time values of all the sensors. A buzzer is also connected to the output of the Arduino. If the value of any sensor crosses over a certain threshold value, the buzzer is turned on. A GUI is constructed on the remote server IOT platform in order to display the sensor data in a visual format. Using this project, the flood-related parameters can be monitored from anywhere in the world remotely.
Block Diagram
Significance of the project
- Flood detection is important especially when there is a chance of natural disaster. It also prevents the human life from damages. Because if there is no system for detection of the natural disasters then it may cause severe damages.
- It is estimated that the average cost of repairing flood damage is about $15,000 for single home. Nowadays, there is no idea about when flood will occur so there is need to inform people who are near the flooded area. Hence, we are designing this system to inform the people about the upcoming flood through notification and alert messages.
- The Proposed system will give information about the flood. As well as we are going to give all safe places near the user location where user can migrate.
Hardware components
- GSM Module
- Water Level Sensor
- Buzzer
- Arduino
- LCD
- DHT11 Sensor
- Power Adapter
- Wires
- Breadboard
- Wi-Fi Module
- Rectifier
- Regulator
Software Tools
Python
Final Deliverable System
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 54600 | |||
| GSM Module | Equipment | 1 | 10500 | 10500 |
| Water Level Sensor | Equipment | 2 | 1500 | 3000 |
| Buzzer | Equipment | 2 | 1000 | 2000 |
| Arduino | Equipment | 1 | 15000 | 15000 |
| LCD | Equipment | 2 | 3000 | 6000 |
| DHT11 Sensor | Equipment | 2 | 2000 | 4000 |
| Power Adapter | Equipment | 2 | 1800 | 3600 |
| Wires Bundle and connecting wires | Equipment | 3 | 500 | 1500 |
| Breadboard | Equipment | 2 | 1500 | 3000 |
| Wi-Fi Module | Equipment | 1 | 3000 | 3000 |
| Rectifier | Equipment | 2 | 500 | 1000 |
| Regulator | Equipment | 2 | 1000 | 2000 |