Intelligent Multifunctional Home Energy Management System using renewable resource

The proposed design of Home Energy Management system (HEMS) is an effort toward reduction in price of electricity in residential areas. This method provides effective management of home energy consumption and generation and also regulate the home electric appliance systems, which contribute to the m

Project Title

Intelligent Multifunctional Home Energy Management System using renewable resource

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

The proposed design of Home Energy Management system (HEMS) is an effort toward reduction in price of electricity in residential areas. This method provides effective management of home energy consumption and generation and also regulate the home electric appliance systems, which contribute to the most critical loads in a household, thus enabling consumers to save electricity while still enhancing their comfort. Furthermore, solar energy is integrated with utility in smart home that is important component to optimize energy consumption which result in the reduction of peak load and can bring economic benefits. Home Energy Storage System (HESS) is designed to store surplus energy from solar PV and from utility during off-peak hours. HESS deals with intermittent nature of solar energy.

Proposed smart Home Energy Management System is a technology platform comprised of both hardware and software that allows the user to monitor energy usage and production and to manually control and/or automate the utilization of energy within a household. Home energy management systems contains a server which is the platform upon which communication between the user, the household appliances and devices. HEM system is accountable for monitoring and managing the operation of in-home appliances and enables load shifting and peak saving according to a specified set of requirements. Moreover, the main focus on HEM systems is an increase in energy efficiency and decrease in electricity consumption.

The proposed method does not necessitate any previous information or knowledge of the uncertain dynamics and parameters of different household electric appliances. Simulation-based findings using real-time data validate the efficiency and reliability of the proposed method.

In our Final Year Project, we will design Hardware prototype and simulation based on MATLAB Simulink, where we will model complete HEMS circuit with real life ratings of equipment that is not possible in hardware demo. The main parts of MATLAB simulation will be,

1. 1. Modeling of loads
   2. Modeling of energy management system
   3. Design control system

The implementation of this proposed design in home energy management have been shown to be a feasible alternative in the minimization of electricity cost by efficient use of electricity and using solar energy instead of utility as much as possible.  HEMS will provide affordable and clean energy with responsible consumption and generation. Installing an Energy Management System is a cost-effective solution. User can customize these systems to meet his requirements and conserve energy. Whether he is looking for a way to reduce operational costs or to cut down his contribution to global warming, it is the ideal solution.

Project Objectives

The main objectives of our project:

1. Design a HEMS that can reduce energy usage in a residential property
2. Efficient and economical use of energy to reduce administrative power losses
3. Responsible renewable energy generation in smart homes using solar PV
4. Integration of both smart and non-smart electrical appliances into the IoT space by using smart sockets.
5. Integration of Home Energy Storage System (HESS) in HEMS to deal with intermittent power generation
6. Design an app to manage energy consumption through user friendly interface
7. To implement the proposed system in MATLAB Simulink under realistic test environments for possible use-case scenarios.  

Project Implementation Method

Implementing Hardware and user interface:

The major processing unit of the entire system is the Arduino unit, which is been connected to the various modules. The primary connection measures the current consumed by various devices. Further a connection is unified from this system to the relay and then further to other components like current sensor (ACS712), voltage sensor, LCD display (16*2).

The diagram of the overall architecture of HEMS is shown in figure 1.

Two batteries first Energy storage battery and second Electric Vehicle (EV) battery are integrated in HEMS to design Home Energy Storage System (HESS). EV battery is special load that sometimes act as supply when needed. EV can be use to run home appliances when needed. During day solar will charge batteries and run other required loads. During night batteries will provide energy. Through HESS technique maximum energy will be obtain from solar PV. This management of energy provide efficient use of energy. When energy from utility is not available solar PV with HESS act as independent source of supply. The energy of home is managed as shown in figure-2.

Figure 2. The block diagram of the energy flow

The 5V power supply module provides power to the micro controller (Arduino), the present sensor (ACS712) and LCD display. The present energy consumed by each appliance is measured with the assistance of a current sensor ACS712. The ACS712 Current Sensor may be a Hall Effect current sensor that accurately measures current when induced.  

Relays can control high voltage electronic devices. The electromagnet is activated with a low voltage, for example 5 volts from a micro controller and it pulls a contact to make or break a high voltage circuit. Several circuits can be controlled using relay.

Fig-4 5V relay

The calculated power and energy by the Arduino are displayed on a 16×2 LCD display module. The inbuilt Wi-Fi chip of the Arduino UNO is connected to the Home Router and linked to the App. So, user can monitor the parameters.

Solar PV is used to track sunlight. DC-DC converter is used for consistent supply of energy to home and battery. Bidirectional DC-AC inverter is used for converting grid AC supply to DC supply for battery storage convert DC to AC when battery supply to home.    

Smart metering infrastructure is employed using sensors to monitor energy consumption across loads, total consumption during any time and energy generation status of PV.

Implementing HEMS in MATLAB Simulink:

Complete circuit including Modeling of loads, Management system and Controller design for battery and solar PV are included in this project. Fig 5 represents the general circuit. Work that are beyond the scope of FYP can be easily done in simulations, like real time rating and designing of components.

Fig-5 MATLAB implementation of HEMS

Benefits of the Project

1. Reduce operational costs

The most obvious of all benefits is the HEMS ability to reduce electricity costs by monitoring and optimizing energy used for lighting, heating and cooling, ventilation, etc. By collecting data, it allows administrators to predict energy usage and budget for the same more effectively. 

1. Best required home for smart grid

The proposed HEMS provide best home that can be integrated into smart grid. Essential features of smart grids are included in this design.

1. Intelligent monitoring system

App will be design for user to interface with its home appliances and energy usage pattern. User will monitor overall home electricity consumption and generation. Different sensors help to get information about energy usage of appliances and generation of energy.

1. Provide balance between supply and demand

HEMS provide ef?cient energy consumption that keeps balance between available energy supply and demand. User can turn OFF non critical appliances when solar energy is not available or during peak hours.

1. Renewable energy generation

In this project we focus on energy generation using solar energy as renew able resource. Solar energy is affordable, reliable, sustainable, efficient and modern energy for all. Solar energy is abundant natural source. Initial installment cost is required.

1. Home energy storage system (HESS)

HESS is employed with solar PV generation to from an independent generating source that provide electricity supply for critical loads in smart home. HESS stabilize the energy supplied from solar PV. In case of grid outage HESS with solar energy provide independent source of energy.

1. Improve overall well-being and productivity

If a person is uncomfortable in his/her environment, they will not feel like working. Thus, temperature regulation and lighting are the important to ensuring productivity. With HEMS, you can regulate indoor temperature while minimizing energy usage as well as keep the area well-lit with minimal lights. This improves overall well-being and boosts productivity. 

1. Optimize expenses

When user have a high energy bill, user may need to cut other expenses. This is detrimental to his success in the long run. But, with Home Energy Management System user can reduce wastage and in turn, operating costs for energy. This allows him to reallocate money towards other tasks.

1. Increase property value

If user own any space and are looking at the prospect of selling it someday, having a HEMS greatly increases its value. This is true for private residences as well as commercial structures. And why not? The system reduces overall expenses on energy and also reduces repair bills.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Microcontroller 

Signals are initially processed by the microcontroller and stored in its memory. Then, the processed data are transferred to the communication module for transmission. The microcontroller can process the incoming commands from the main controllers before generating the actuating command to its connected components. Thus, the microcontroller is the most important part of the instruments constructed in this research. Arduino Nano V3.0 is a component that is mostly used as a suitable microcontroller due to its small size, sufficient memory, and suitable programming development platform.

Communication Module 

A communication module is needed to transfer the calculated voltage, current, power, and PF to the user interface. In our project we will use Wifi module ESP 8266.

Esp8266

Current Sensing Module 

The line current can be measured by a sequential connection of a resistor between the lines.    Among the many alternatives, the ACS712 current sensing module is selected to measure the current signal because the sensor is compatible with the nano microcontroller and can be supplied by the 5 V supply integrated into the microcontroller. Furthermore, the output of the sensor is suitable for the ADC channel in the main microcontroller chip. 

Voltage Sensing Module 

A resistive dividing circuit is constructed and used as voltage sensor because the power line voltage is higher than the maximum input voltage required by the microcontroller ADC. Therefore, the voltage signal must be attenuated to approximately two-thirds the maximum ADC input to ensure the elimination of clipping in the signal.

Smart Socket

The proposed socket can monitor the power consumptions of an attached appliance and turn it on or off by using the relay integrated in it. The socket sends the captured data to the master node when connected to a master node or controller. The socket utilizes the above-mentioned communication module to use wireless connectivity and its memory for storing the raw data provided by the microcontroller. 

Storage battery

It will store surplus energy from solar PV. Battery can also be charged using energy from grid.

EV battery

EV battery is special type of schedulable load. It not only consumes the energy from power grid to meet resident’s transportation requirements but also provide emergency power for other household loads with in smart community environment.

Converters and inverters:

DC-DC converters are use to provide consistent supply. Bidirectional DC-DC converter can be used with battery for charging and discharging. Inverter is used to convert DC-AC and AC-DC where required.

MATLAB Simulink base simulation will be delivered in final phase. Simulation circuit consist of HEMS circuit with complete load modeling, management system and Control systems.

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

Core Technology

Internet of Things (IoT)

Other Technologies

Clean Tech

Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and Clean Energy, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate Action

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com