Fuzzy Logic control of Portable Mechanical Ventilator

In recent years, a large number of COVID-19 infected patients have experienced respiratory system failure. A regulated mechanical ventilator is a vital piece of medical equipment for individuals suffering from respiratory problems. Mechanical ventilators should have the following qualities: patient

Project Title

Fuzzy Logic control of Portable Mechanical Ventilator

Project Area of Specialization

Mechatronics Engineering

Project Summary

In recent years, a large number of COVID-19 infected patients have experienced respiratory system failure. A regulated mechanical ventilator is a vital piece of medical equipment for individuals suffering from respiratory problems. Mechanical ventilators should have the following qualities: patient safety, dependability, and smooth and efficient air pressure building and release. A controlled mechanical ventilator would be a handful of machines in the hospitals if again such a pandemic falls across the world. A complicated control system, such as PID (proportional-integral-derivative) and Fuzzy logic control (FLC), assesses the patient's actual oxygen content and the target value, the amount of oxygen provided to a patient by individual inhalation may fluctuate in response to the patient's requirement. The requests for these gadgets are so incredible in the world that current manufacturers cannot satisfy even a small percentage of requirements.

The whole system with the fully controlled system also provides us the alarm system with a digital system with the full display of the breath per minute/sec provided. These machines let patients inhale and exhale mechanically, allowing oxygen and carbon dioxide to exchange in the lungs, a process known as artificial respiration. This prototype is both cost and energy-efficient in terms of current ventilator technology.

Project Objectives

Our main objective is to apply a control method on a Portable Mechanical ventilator and basically, this control model contains 1 input and 1 output which are given as follows. There could be multiple methods to achieve the objective mentioned above some of them are the AI control method, PID control method, Feed-Forward Controller, Fuzzy logic control method, adaptive control method, etc.

Components such as a pressure regulator, pressure sensors, and others are used to implement Artificial Intelligence control on a portable ventilator and control compressed air characteristics such as flow, pressure, a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), respiration rate, I: E ratio, and so on. The control unit monitors and controls the operation of these components to ensure proper mechanical ventilation. The air initially moves toward the BVM. Furthermore, depending on the patient's state, the pressure regulator is utilized to control the pressure of the gas mixture according to the mechanical ventilator's mode. Sensors such as pressure sensors are used to measure the pressure and flow of the gas mixture and display those results on the screen so that the respiratory therapist can keep track of the patient's status as needed.

Project Implementation Method

An initial prototype was built out of acrylic and the entire system is enclosed in an acrylic box powered by an external battery. Input air to BVM is taken from the environment. When a patient is on the vent, the pressure sensor will sense the breath of the patient and give a signal to the controller and the controller will set the initial values for further execution.

Air drawn from the environment is compressed in an Ambu Bag through a shaft mechanism driven by a motor that is controlled by a driver connected to the Arduino. When the supply is turned ON the motor Starts and the PEEP valve delivers air to the patient.

The Pressure sensor measured the inhaled pressure and feedback this value to the controller. The pressure required and inhaled will be shown on the LCD screen.

The controller receives the inhaled pressure values and compares the inhaled pressure value with the fixed pressure value for a normal human measurement which will be already saved in the controller. Then it will decide the value for the stepper motor according to the pressure value and gives the signal to the stepper motor. If the value deviates from the fixed value, it speeds up/down the stepper motor to regulate the pressure. If the inhaled value is equal to the fixed value of pressure then the controller gives a signal to continue to move the motor at the previous speed.

Benefits of the Project

1. The patient's respiratory muscles do not have to work as hard to breathe.
2. The patient has been given time to recover in the hopes of resuming normal breathing.
3. Assists the patient in getting enough oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.
4. Maintains a stable airway and prevents aspiration damage.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

An initial prototype was built out of acrylic and the entire system is enclosed in an acrylic box powered by an external battery. Input air to BVM is taken from the environment. When a patient is on the vent, the pressure sensor will sense the breath of the patient and give a signal to the controller and the controller will set the initial values for further execution.

Air drawn from the environment is compressed in an Ambu Bag through a shaft mechanism driven by a motor that is controlled by a driver connected to the Arduino. When the supply is turned ON the motor Starts and the PEEP valve delivers air to the patient.

The Pressure sensor measured the inhaled pressure and feedback this value to the controller. The pressure required and inhaled will be shown on the LCD screen.

The controller receives the inhaled pressure values and compares the inhaled pressure value with the fixed pressure value for a normal human measurement which will be already saved in the controller. Then it will decide the value for the stepper motor according to the pressure value and gives the signal to the stepper motor. If the value deviates from the fixed value, it speeds up/down the stepper motor to regulate the pressure. If the inhaled value is equal to the fixed value of pressure then the controller gives a signal to continue to move the motor at the previous speed.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Medical

Other Industries

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Artificial Intelligence(AI), Robotics

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People

Required Resources

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