Development of multi-purpose electrical protection relay for power Transformer and distribution side load shifting models

Project Title

Development of multi-purpose electrical protection relay for power Transformer and distribution side load shifting models

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Summary of Final Year project

 The power transformer is the major component of the power system & continuity of supply is dependent upon the power transformer so that is why the utility wanted to supply the power continuously. So that’s why protection of transformer is necessary. Without protection, the transformer will be burned out at critical conditions such as overloading, high voltage surge, etc. When the transformer is damaged it directly affects the economy of the industry. The electrical circuits are usually operated over a wide range of voltage, current, and power ratings. An electromechanical relay is a type of relay which functions using a magnetic field produced by an electromagnetic coil when a control signal is applied to it. It is called electromechanical since it has moving contacts in the output circuit that is operated by applying an electrical signal. The causes of failure of the electromechanical relay are the trouble where discharge between opposing conductors causes a short-circuit. This often occurs with contact used with medium and large power. The wear of contacts is due to mechanical causes, such as wear during repeated operation. The expending of contacts due to electrical, thermal, chemical, and other causes all through the repeated operation. The failure where contact surfaces become dirty and discharge occurs easily. The aim of this project is to develop-multipurpose electrical protection relay for use in Transformer and distribution side load shifting models. Because the power transformer is a crucial component of the power system. Under the consideration of technological standards, the innovative aspects of our project include the development of a multi-purpose electrical protection relay that will protect the transformer from overvoltage, Undervoltage, overcurrent, undercurrent, and thermal problems. As a result of this project, the transformer's cost and resource efficiency will be reduced. this transformer will be safeguarded by the load management system. We will transfer the load from the load management system automatically, rather than manually. The indirect outcome is extremely long-lasting and dependable. The incoming power supply is connected to the power transformer. The transformer is protected by the multipurpose numerical relay. There are some sensors such as current, voltage, and differential to step down the voltage and current to a value of some volts & ampere. The value is fed to the microcontroller through a comparator which processes the sensing value and gives a signal to the numerical relay. If the sensing signal contains a fault value then by relay it will trip the breaker and the system will be protected. The model has been developed in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults analysis has been done. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed model of Relay the results have been compared with the conventional one.

Project Objectives

Project Objective

The main outcomes/ objective of this proposed project are as follows.

• Development of cost-effective multi-purpose electrical protection relay for Transformer including over / Under-voltage, overcurrent, and thermal.
• Development of distribution side load shifting models
• Development of the simulation model in the PROTEUS environment.
• Testing the designed solution on a live power transformer at a laboratory scale.
• Development of Hardware and its implantation in real-time at a laboratory scale.

Project Implementation Method

The implementation of the proposed project will be in the five steps

At first, the multipurpose relay for simulation modeling has been developed and performed on PROTEUS/Simulink software. Then we simulate the working conditions of a multipurpose relay.

                                                                                      Figure 1(PROTEUS/Simulink software)

• We set the voltage to 270V & 190 for over-voltage & under-voltage condition. When the system voltage exceeds or decrease from the set point then the relay operates and cuts off the circuit.We set the current to 30A for the overcurrent condition and 50 degrees Celsius for thermal condition. When the load current and temperature exceeds in case of fault from the set point of over-current and temperature then the relay operates and cuts off the circuit.
• Distribution side load shifting models for simulation modeling has been developed and performed on PROTEUS/Simulink software.
• Load shifting model

 

                                                                                            Figure 2(Distribution side load shifting model)

Second, the multipurpose relay has been developed and performed on a hardware base. Then we meet the results of PROTEUS/Simulink software with the hardware base results.

• Protection for transformer 
• Working condition of Hardware

                                                                               Figure 3(working condition for hardware

In our proposed project we have a three phase supply. In each phase, the current sensor is connected in series and the voltage sensor in parallel. In a microcontroller, there is a set point for voltage, current, and thermal fault. When any one fault occurs it will detect from   microcontroller and it will give trip signal to relay and relay cut off the main supply

Third, Testing the designed solution on a live power transformer at a laboratory scale.

• Normal condition for voltage

                                  

                                                                                         Figure 4(normal condition for voltage)

•  In normal conditions load is on and the supply voltage is printed onto the Display

                     Over-voltage testing                                                               Under-voltage testing                                                  

             

               Figure 5(over-voltage testing)                                                 Figure 6(under-voltage testing)

• When any one  fault occur then microcontroller  give trip signal to realy then relay operate and  cut off the main supply Red light indication shows there is a Fault occurring in the Circuit.

• Thermal testing  

                                                               

                                                                                                     Figure 7(thermal testing)

• When the temperature increase from 50 degrees Celsius then relay operate and  cut off the main supply Red light indication shows there is a Fault occurring in the Circuit.

A fourth. The integration of our proposed project, after the testing of all protection schemes (current, voltage & thermal) and we integrate our proposed project into one form.

Benefits of the Project

Benefits of the Project

There are benefits to the proposed project.

• Well-controlled system based upon system inputs and output statues 
• Maintaining the voltage, current, and temperature of the power transformer to the desired level by multi-purpose relay for protection.
• The proposed project is expected to be the candidate for practical utilization in electric power systems.
• Maintaining the stability of the power system.
• The proposed project meets the cost-effective device.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

                         Technical Details of Final Deliverable

SR.NO	Name of Component	Function & Working principle
01	Transformer	Our main purpose in this project is to protect the transformer from over and under voltage and current.
02	Electromagnetic relay	A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or multiple control signals
03	Magnetic contactor	. Used to open and close the contacts in the  protection control circuit
04	Microcontroller(Atmel 328P)	The microcontroller take the analog fault signal in the form of voltage, current, & temperature, compare this signal to set point in microcontroller for fault condition. When the value exceeds or decrease from the set point then it generates the digital signal for the tripping of relay then relay energize the contactors (primary & secondary), and cuts the input power supply.
05	voltage Sensor	We set the voltage to 270V for over-voltage conditions. When the system voltage exceeds from the set point then the relay operates and cuts off the circuit. We set the voltage to 190V for under-voltage conditions. When the system voltage decrease from the set then the relay operates and cuts off the circuit
06	current Sensor	We set the current to 30A for the overcurrent condition. When the load current exceeds in case of fault from the set point of over-current then the relay operates and cuts off the circuit.
07	Temperature Sensor	We set the temperature to 50 degrees Celsius for a thermal condition. When the temperature exceeds the set point of thermal condition then the relay operates and cuts off the circuit.
08	Variable resistors	A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
09	Battery	Battery is used for  the supply of Microcontroller and Relay module.
10	Resistors	In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.
11	LED	LED lights are ideal for numerous applications including night lighting, art lighting, and outdoor lighting.
12	LCD (20*4)	A 20x4 LCD means it can display 20 characters per line and there are 4 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in a 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data. This is a standard HD44780 controller LCD.

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Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry ManufacturingOther Industries Education Core Technology OthersOther Technologies BlockchainSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Elapsed time in (days or weeks or month or quarter) since start of the project	Milestone	Deliverable
Month 1	Market data collection/ costanalysis and component selection or availability	Device ratings
Month 2	Software base implementation	Analysis of the results of simulations
Month 3	Initial working on Hardware	Hardare
Month 4	Working on Microcontroller	Gives digital signal to relay for tripping
Month 5	Testing	Running Hardware
Month 6	Integration	Final Proposed Project Hardware
Month 7	Report Writing	Final Thesis Report