Design and Implementation of Automatic Smart Car Parking System

Project Title

Design and Implementation of Automatic Smart Car Parking System

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

The increasing number of vehicles on the road along with the mismanagement of available parking space leads to the parking related problems as well as increased traffic congestion in urban areas. Thus it is highly required to develop an automated smart parking management system that would help the driver to find out some suitable parking space for his/her vehicle very quickly. Although ample amount of research works on the development of smart parking system exist in literature, but most of them have not addressed the problem of real-time detection of improper parking and automatic collection of parking charges. In this project, a prototype of internet-of-thing based E-parking system is proposed. The proposed E-parking system uses an integrated component called parking meter to address the above-mentioned issues as well as to provide smart parking management throughout the city.

Project Objectives

Various parking sensors are already installed in some of the
public spaces in developed countries which use infrared sensors in combination with ultrasonic sensors to detect the presence of a car in a particular spot. 
The motivation that drives the result is the pursuit of an alternative solution for the problem, that is instead of using IR Sensors, it would be more efficient to switch to Ultrasonic Sensor which is not affected by variations in the light intensity
in a particular environment. Also, instead of using the Ethernet shield or connecting it through LAN cable, a Wi-Fi module will use. Thus, reducing the cost of cable, increasing the efficiency and making it more feasible to get implemented.

To make it convenient for the driver to check whether the slot
is empty or occupied during nig ht time.
On a local level that is in universities and in malls the main
entrance Guard can have access to all the parking slots information. Therefore, even if the driver has no time to check
the slot availability on his own then the guard can guide him where to park his car.

Project Implementation Method

The following two methods are implemented to solve the
parking space problem for the driver.
Using hardware: Indicators (in this case, two bulbs: 1 red
and 1 green) will place outside the parking slot, red bulb indicating an occupied parking space while the green bulb which indicates an empty space. This is done so that during the night time the driver can see from a distance that is the slot is empty or occupied.
Software(IoT): Before entering the place, the driver can check through the Internet/Mobile App that which slot or which area is empty and can directly go to that area and park his car, without anyone’s help or the Security personnel in the public parking areas or the malls can check the spots in their systems and can direct the incoming cars to the particular locations.

Benefits of the Project

In this age of technology, we are working in a way to reduce
our effort in every possible way and the introduction of the Arduino and IoT platforms have further broadened the scope of this possibility in our everyday lives. One of the major problems that we are facing in today’s over-populated society is finding available parking spots in various public places like hospitals, office shopping malls, cinema halls, courts, schools and colleges.
The statistics will show  approximately 20% of all the congestion in the city is caused by frustrated drivers driving around the block searching for p arking spaces.

Compared to conventional parking garages, Automated Parking Systems are inherently much safer and more secure because they remove driving and pedestrians from the parking area. No driving means no car damage or possibility of stolen cars.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Here two ultrasonic sensors are used, one should be placed
right in front of the car and the other should be placed above the car. AND-Gate logic is used in the Arduino programming so that only if both the conditions are satisfied then only the Red Bulb/Indicator will grow indicating that the particular slot is occupied otherwise it will turn off and a Green bulb will glow showing that the slot is vacant. That is if any case if any person is changing in the parking slot then also it will be indicated as a vacant spot. To switch between Red Bulb and the Green Bulb a relay module is used which is triggered by the 5 Volt pin of the Arduino Board and to glow the bulb, an AC power supply is used, which will be connected to the relay module. The two Ultrasonic Sensors are used to eliminate and minimize any manual or human interference thus increasing the efficiency of the overall system. 
And finally, a Wi-Fi module is connected to the ultrasonic sensors. The Wi-Fi module should be first connected to the Internet that can be done through the AT commands of the ESP module. As soon as it gets connected to the Internet, it will receive the data from the Ultrasonic Sensor and send it to the IoT platform. The ESP8266 is programmed using AT commands; when received, it replies with an acknowledgment. AT commands are a bit strange at first but with a little usage become easier to understand. These are run commands that run directly on the ESP module and are responsible for controlling the interaction between the ESP module and th e Wi-Fi source.

Figure print sensor and QR scanner are used for security purpose that verify the entered consummer ID and save the data in system

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry ITOther Industries Security Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Reduced InequalityRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	71200
Arduino Uno	Equipment	4	1500	6000
Ultrasonic Sensors	Equipment	10	300	3000
Two channel relay module	Equipment	10	450	4500
Wi-Fi module	Equipment	4	600	2400
DC Power Supply	Equipment	1	1500	1500
Lights	Equipment	10	30	300
Resistance	Equipment	50	2	100
Capacitors	Equipment	20	10	200
PCB and its Fabrication	Equipment	4	800	3200
Parking Model	Miscellaneous	1	10000	10000
Electric Motor	Equipment	2	4000	8000
Finger Print Sensor	Equipment	2	3500	7000
Hydraulic System	Equipment	2	2500	5000
QR Code Scanner	Equipment	1	20000	20000