Design and Fabrication of Autonomous Transplantation Robot Vehicle
The agricultural sector is essential for the country's economic growth and food security. It feeds both rural and urban populations and plays an important role in generating foreign exchange. It also provides employment for many o
2025-06-28 16:26:20 - Adil Khan
Design and Fabrication of Autonomous Transplantation Robot Vehicle
Project Area of Specialization Mechanical EngineeringProject SummaryThe agricultural sector is essential for the country's economic growth and food security. It feeds both
rural and urban populations and plays an important role in generating foreign exchange. It also provides
employment for many of the country's workers. Transplanting of seedlings of different crops mainly
depends on human labor. In the changing scenario of agricultural mechanization, ergonomics plays a
crucial role in effective operation. Therefore, it is very important to use modern methods and
technology in agriculture. By using technology in this sector, both the quality and quantity of crops can
be improved with little effort. Seed sowing and transplanting of seedlings are very important steps in
growing crops and appropriate methods are used for both steps. Our main focus in this project is to
develop an autonomous robot that can do the seeding of rice in paddy fields and can also be used for
seed sowing. . This work targets the seeding of rice and wheat as these two major crops of Pakistan
contribute greatly to our food security and economy. A sowing drum is used for sowing and a four-bar
finger mechanism is used for planting the seedlings. With the help of this robot, the yield of the crop is
increased
With the help of this planting robot, we can increase the speed of planting and the yield of the crop. Seeds can be placed at any desired depth, which will improve the germination of the plants as they can absorb sunlight well.
The detection of weeds will be problem-free. It also helps to irrigate the fields and the required amount of fertilizers will be used as the plants are evenly distributed. Planting is fast and can be completed in a short time.
Since our proposed robot consists of two independent modules, the first step will be the designing of the two modules, followed by the construction of the chassis and the control system of the robot. detail about two modules is given below.
Mechanism for seed placement:
A rotating drum with openings is used for sowing wheat. It consists of a drum with openings, a shaft,
and a hopper. The drum is connected to the rotating shaft and as it rotates, the openings pick up the
seed from the hopper and drop it into the nozzle below, which is then directed into the furrows. The size
of the openings is slightly larger than the size of the wheat seeds.
Seedling planting mechanism:
In view of the required performance and simplification of the project, two mechanisms are considered:
a four-bar mechanism and a six-bar mechanism, which is a modified form of the four-bar mechanism.
The fingered mechanism was selected for its simplicity for the desired function.
Chassis:
The chassis is the main part of a vehicle that holds all the subcomponents of the vehicle. In our design,
the chassis of the robot should be constructed to withstand the vibrations and loads generated by the
motors of the two modules. Therefore, the chassis of the robot is made of aluminum because it is very
light. The area of the chassis is 36 inches by 24 inches.
With the help of this planting robot, we can increase the speed of planting and the yield of the crop. Seeds can be placed at any desired depth, which will improve the germination of the plants as they can absorb sunlight well.
The detection of weeds will be problem-free. It also helps to irrigate the fields and the required amount of fertilizers will be used as the plants are evenly distributed. Planting is fast and can be completed in a short time.
designing and analysis was caried out in solidworks.
Hardware components:
Following components have been used in the construction of the robot.
Camera transmitter and receiver:
The camera is attached to the robot to see that the robot is moving in the desired direction and the
planting process is proceeding as desired. Obstacle detection and robot movement are highly
dependent on the transmitter and receiver system.
Motors:
Power Window DC motors of 200 RPM were used for the control of the robot and also for the
mechanisms.
DC motor control:
The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by simply controlling the input voltage supplied to the
motor. This can be done by using the PWM (pulse width modulation) signal. With PWM, we can adjust
the average value of a device by turning the voltage on and off quickly. The average voltage depends on
the activity cycle, which is the time the signal is on compared to the time it is off at the same time. So,
with the Arduino board and the MOFSET, we can control the speed of the DC motor. The direction of
rotation of the vehicle can be easily controlled by changing the direction of the current, which can be
achieved using the H-bridge. The L298N DC motor driver can be used to control speed and steering.
Battery:
The battery is the main power source of the robot; it is used to drive the various motors used in the
robot. A 12V 7ah battery is used for this purpose.
arduino mega:
imu sensors for testing.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry AgricultureOther Industries Agriculture , Food Core Technology RoboticsOther Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Climate ActionRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 64000 | |||
| Chasis | Equipment | 1 | 8000 | 8000 |
| Finger Mechanism | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| Drum Mechanism | Equipment | 1 | 8000 | 8000 |
| Tray Stand | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| Plough | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| Controller | Equipment | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |
| Tyres | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Camera | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Circuit Equipment | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Finger mechanism Motor | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Drum Mechanism Motor | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Gear Motors | Equipment | 2 | 1500 | 3000 |
| Stepper Motor | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Sensors/Other | Equipment | 3 | 1000 | 3000 |
| Fabrication Cost | Equipment | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |
| Fabrication Cost | Miscellaneous | 1 | 8000 | 8000 |