Design and Analysis of Electrical Vehicle using Novel Controller

Project Title

Design and Analysis of Electrical Vehicle using Novel Controller

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

The demand for Electric Vehicles (EVs) is rapidly increasing with the increasing environmental concerns and depletion of fossil fuels. With environmental friendliness and high efficiency, EVs are increasingly become popular and their manufacturing has become need of the hour. The power system of gasoline-powered vehicles contains a number of components such as engine, carburetor, oil pump, water pump, cooling system, starter, exhaust system, etc. In contrary, the power system of EVs is much simpler which consists of just two components: motor that provides the power and the controller that controls the power. The simple power system is one of the strengths of EVs which is indeed an attractive feature for manufacturers as well as consumers. However, stability of the power supply under variable load due to different driving conditions is a major concern. The stable power supply from motor requires reliable, accurate and précised control which can be provided by a well-designed controller. The desired linear characteristics of voltage to speed are only found in the ideal driving motors. While, the case of practical motors is somehow different as they have non-linear characteristics of voltage to speed. Therefore, a closed loop algorithm is required to improve the performance of non-linearity and to compensate it. This project aims at proposing novel controller, based on closed loop algorithm for speed control of DC motor for EV applications. The control design is based on PID controller method.

Project Objectives

The aim of this project is to design and analyze novel controller for DC motor speed control for EV applications. To complete this aim, there are certain objectives to be achieved. Those objectives are specified as below: 

1. Mathematical modeling of DC motor speed control
2. Simulation of developed mathematical model
3. Performance analysis of the proposed controller
4. Developing a practical model of the proposed controller
5. Comparing results of Simulink and practical models of the proposed controller

Project Implementation Method

A four step methodology will be used in order to achieve the specified objectives for this project:

1. Various control algorithms are compared based upon literature review. The outcome of this step was to help in building a mathematical model.
2. Mathematical model has been developed in MATLAB. This step is corresponding with first objective.
3. As a third step of methodology, simulation is conducted by using Simulink software package which is actually extension of MATLAB. This step is corresponding with second objective.

Here is the simulation model that has been developed:

Initially, a closed loop system was developed.

This closed loop system was then used to develop Simulink model, that is given below

4. Finally, designed controller will be analyzed experimentally through Raspberry pi and PLC controllers and the results will be compared with its simulation model. This step will help in achieving third objective of the project.

Benefits of the Project

DC motors are the principal part of EVs. In practical DC motors, speed control, stability of power supply and non-linear characteristics of voltage to speed are main concerns. A closed loop controller is thus required to address these issues. The aim of this project is to propose such a novel controller. This controller will ameliorate the non-linear voltage to speed characteristics of practical motors. Furthermore, by virtue of this novel controller, the speed control of DC motors along with stability of their power supply will be achieved with a greater accuracy and precision. The validation of the actual response of the DC motor with the simulation results is the significant achievement of this study. Besides, this project will be a value addition in the field of Advance Driving Assistance System (ADAS) and Cruise Control System (CCS). Moreover, the simulation model of this proposed novel controller which is developed will be further used for future enhancement in this field.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The developed closed loop algorithm is based upon the modeled differential equation of motor.

 Transfer function of this equation has been obtained. On the basis of transfer function, closed loop algorithm has been developed.

After setting the following parameters,

We get this output response of angular velocity (RPM) to time (seconds)

This is the circuit diagram of desired practical model using Raspberry pi microcontroller.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry EducationOther Industries Energy , Transportation Core Technology Artificial Intelligence(AI)Other Technologies RoboticsSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate Action, Partnerships to achieve the GoalRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	70000
Siemens 224 PLC unit	Equipment	1	22000	22000
Raspberry PI 4 Model B 2GB RAM	Equipment	2	10500	21000
3000 RPM, 12V DC motor	Equipment	2	1950	3900
Adafruit motor shield	Equipment	1	3000	3000
10000mAh echo dot battery	Equipment	2	6000	12000
Breadboards	Equipment	5	200	1000
Professional Gluegun	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Jumper wires	Miscellaneous	100	5	500
Transistors	Miscellaneous	10	10	100
Printing(per page) of final report(document)	Miscellaneous	200	5	1000
Hard toolkit	Miscellaneous	1	2000	2000
Other costs	Miscellaneous	1	1500	1500