Conversion of food waste to biogas through anaerobic digestion
We are going to convert Food waste to Biogas through Anaerobic process by using methanogenic bacteria.. we will do it for domestic purpose. We will use it as an experimental bench by changing different parameters (PH, temperature, combination of different substrate, pressure) and an
2025-06-28 16:30:57 - Adil Khan
Conversion of food waste to biogas through anaerobic digestion
Project Area of Specialization Mechanical EngineeringProject SummaryWe are going to convert Food waste to Biogas through Anaerobic process by using methanogenic bacteria.. we will do it for domestic purpose. We will use it as an experimental bench by changing different parameters (PH, temperature, combination of different substrate, pressure) and analyze how efficiency of biogas production increases.Biogas could be generated through many types of wastes . also it has been generating from animal waste in many areas in pakistan but generation of biogas from food waste is a new process .Their has been work from food waste in many countries of the world . Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradeable material in the absence of oxygen it consists of four steps .first step is hydrolysis second is acidogenosis third and fourth are acetogenosis and methagenosis . from where we get methane gas , also H2S and CO2 gas also producs as a byproductbut we separate them by using filters
we will take water tank as Digestor , also attach temperature sensor , pressure sensor and PH sensor with it .we will put crussher in it so that we could get small pieces of food waste also use mehanogenesis bacteria to help in digesting food waste and attach a separate container to collect biogas in it.
Project ObjectivesEnergy has become an important prerequisite for the economic development of a country. Currently Pakistan is facing severe crisis. People from far off areas are forced to fulfill their cooking requirement by cutting trees form forest. In Pakistan less attention is being paid to exploit alternative sources of energy like wind, solar, geo thermal and biomass etc. Among different kinds of alternative energy options, energy from biomass is different from others as it can be localized to household level. Food waste is a great source of biomass to be used in bio digester for biogas production.
We will design a biogas digester which will be used for small scale domestic level especially for household purpose.
following are the objectives of our project
(1) Disposal of food waste in an appropriate manner.
(2) Energy generation for domestic usage.
(3) Environment friendly energy generation
(4) It will provide benefits to owner by providing greater diversity of business income.
(5) It will be very helpful in fulfilling energy needs.
(6) Cost effective procedure
(7) Reduction in number of pathogens
(8) Reduced dependency on imported fossil fuels
Project Implementation Methodwe will produce biogas by using anaerobic process.W will take water tank as Digestor , also attach temperature sensor , pressure sensor and PH sensor in it .we will put crusher in it so that we could get small pieces of food waste . also add methanogenic bacteria it will help in degrading food waste. better temperature conditons help in producing biogas in less days generally it takes 20-25 days so thats why we will make arangement for maintaining temperature from 35 degree celcius to 55 degree celcius . after every twenty days we will add new waste in container and attach a separate container to collect methane gas in it and we will separate methane and other gases through purifier.The implementation methodology procedure is given below.
(1) Hydrolysis rendering organic macromolecules into its smaller components with water.
(2) Acidogenesis absorbing the products of hydrolysis acidogenic microorganisms produce intermediate volatile fatty acids and organic acids.
(3) Acetogenesis higher VFAs and other intermediates are converted into acetate, with hydrogen also being produced.
(4 Methanogenesis accessible intermediates are consumed by methanogenic microorganisms to produce methane.
This Project could help pakistan in many ways as pakistan is facing energy crisis so following are some benefits of this project
1) It will provide benefits to owner by providing greater diversity of business income.
(2) It will be very helpful in fulfilling energy needs.
(3) Cost effective procedure
(4) Reduction in number of pathogens
(5) Reduced dependency on imported fossil fuels
(6) Disposal of food waste in an appropriate manner.
(7) Energy generation for domestic usage.
(8) Environment friendly energy generation
(9) Easily transportable assembly.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableBio digester having total volume of 300L and working volume of 225L. The digester tank is made of plastic .The remaining volume is allocated for gas production.Two tank is used. One for Digester and other for purification. The digester is fitted with temprature , PH ,pressure sensors.Stirer is used for internal mixing of waste. For maintaining temprature in range of 35C to 55C hot water is pumped through steel pipes. Pressure safety valve is used for releasing high pressure in order to prevent tank from bursting.The process is batch process rather than continuous process. The digester is feed one time for 20 days and then air tight it. The microcontroller UNO is link with sensors in order to maintain optimum condition for gas production. Gas produced is then purified by removing CO2, H2S, water vapours.When the gas is passed through water CO2 is absorbed and while passing through steel pipes H2S is react with metal along with these silica gell is also used for purification purpose. A 12V DC compressor is used for compressing methane gas into the storage tank.The storage cylinder is 5kg. All the components are design in a steel stand. The whole assembly is movable like trolley and can easily be shifted from place to place.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Others Core Technology Clean TechOther Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Climate ActionRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 41700 | |||
| Digester tank | Equipment | 1 | 4500 | 4500 |
| gas storage tank | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| Micro controller | Equipment | 1 | 850 | 850 |
| Pressure sensor | Equipment | 1 | 1100 | 1100 |
| Compressor | Equipment | 1 | 6500 | 6500 |
| Gas purifier | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Valves | Equipment | 3 | 500 | 1500 |
| Stand | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| pipes | Equipment | 4 | 250 | 1000 |
| Thermocouple | Equipment | 1 | 1400 | 1400 |
| Stirrer | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| Pressure safety valve | Equipment | 1 | 1400 | 1400 |
| LCD display | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| funnel | Equipment | 1 | 250 | 250 |
| connecting wires | Equipment | 5 | 240 | 1200 |
| cohisives | Equipment | 5 | 300 | 1500 |
| PH sensor | Equipment | 1 | 5500 | 5500 |
| others approximate | Miscellaneous | 3 | 1000 | 3000 |