Comparative Analysis of Electric Vehicle Vector Control model based on stepper Motor using PI Controller.

. In the past the comparative analysis of electric vehicle vector control model was based on Induction Machine using with PI Controller and speed variation of induction machine was also compared at different modes. . The components of speed control

Project Title

Comparative Analysis of Electric Vehicle Vector Control model based on stepper Motor using PI Controller.

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

. In the past the comparative analysis of electric vehicle vector control model was based on Induction Machine using with PI Controller and speed variation of induction machine was also compared at different modes.

. The components of speed control of induction machine were DC Li-ion battery, closed loop speed controller, hysteresis band current regulator and a voltage source inverter.

. The proposed stepper motor model would  improves speed performance of electric vehicle under given drive pattern.

. PI controller EV model provides improvement in torque response and user would have more control over the vehicle

Project Objectives

. Analysis of SM indirect vector control for Electric Vehicle model operating at three different speed modes.

. Simulink implementation of P-I speed controller implementation on SM Electric vehicle model.

. Performance parameters comparison of P-I controller. Analysis the best efficient system for Electric Vehicle.

Project Implementation Method

Stepper motors are open-loop controlled. This means that control is performed by the one-way passing of command signals from the higher-level controller to the motor. This makes stepper motor control very simple, eliminating the need for sensors and feedback.

When using the standard pulse-series control technique, the stepper motor is operated by having a programmable controller (pulse generator) generate pulses that are input to a driver, which in turn supplies the drive current to the motor.

If advanced control is not required, it is also possible for the controller function (pulse generation) to be incorporated into the driver. In this case, a programmable controller with its own I/O unit is used to send start and stop commands to the driver. The driver then controls the supply of drive current to the stepper motor on the basis of these commands.

Benefits of the Project

Not every application will benefit from a stepper motor, but in the right environment stepper motors can be ideal. First, stepper motors have full torque at standstill, and the rotation angle of the motor is proportional to the input pulse. Essentially, stepper motors offer excellent speed control, precise positioning, and repeatability of movement. 
Additionally, stepper motors are highly reliable since there are no contact brushes in the motor. This minimizes mechanical failure and maximizes the operation lifespan of the motor. These motors can be used in a wide range of environments, as many different rotational speeds can be achieved because the speed is proportional to the frequency of pulse inputs. Following are the benefits:             

•   Accurate positioning can be achieved using open-loop control
• Angle of rotation is determined by the number of pulses (digital input), therefore position control is simple
• Can rotate at low speeds
• Excellent ability to remain locked in position when halted

Their ability to provide simple and accurate positioning without the need for a sensor to detect shaft position, is one of the major advantages of stepper motors.

Applications of Stepper Motors

Stepper motors are diverse in their uses, but some of the most common include:

3D printing equipment, Textile machines, Printing presses, Gaming machines, Medical imaging machinery, Small robotics, CNC milling machines, Welding equipment

While these applications are the most common, they’re a fraction of what stepper motors can be used for. Generally speaking, any application that requires highly accurate positioning, speed control, and low speed torque can benefit from the use of stepper motors.
While servo motors have their place in industry as well as numerous advantages of their own, stepper motors are an ideal solution in many applications. 
Stepper motors are a robust motion control technology and can be found inside of many common machines and equipment. To learn more, browse stepper motors from the world’s leading sup.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

. In the past the comparative analysis of electric vehicle vector control model was based on Induction Machine using with PI Controller and speed variation of induction machine was also compared at different modes.

Disadvantage of Induction Motor:

1. During light load conditions, the power factorof the motor drops to a very low value. This is because during the start, the motor draws a large magnetising current to overcome the reluctance offered by the air gap between the Stator and the Rotor. Also, the induction motor will take very less current from the supply main. The vector sum of Load current and Magnetising current lags the voltage by around 75-80 degrees and hence, the power factor is low. Due to high magnetising current, the copper losses of the motor increase. This in turn leads to decrease in the efficiency of the motor.
2. Speed control of an induction motor is very difficult to attain. This is because a 3 phase induction motor is a constant speed motor and for the entire loading range, the change in speed of the motor is very low.
3. Due to poor starting torque, the motor cannot be used for applications which require high starting torque.

. Design of Experiment (DOE) is a technique used to make effective and controlled experimentation and simulations, it helps in reducing the number of simulation runs. This will be very helpful in heterogeneous systems, since simulating such system is costing a lot of CPU resources and computations which leads to extra simulation time and cost unless utilizing the power of DOE.

. In addition to that, DOE enables us in mathematical modelling  to study the behavior of these systems

. It also enables us in optimizing performance of these complex systems efficiently.

. Apply magnetic brakes on the stepper motor while running.

. First check the normal operation of stepper motor.

. Then apply half brakes using magnetic on stepper motor to check the efficiency of the and calclate the reading.

. Finally apply full brakes to stop the stepper motor and calculate the overall efficiency of the system. 

Advantage of stepper motor:

1. Stepper motors offer excellent speed control, precise positioning, and repeatability of movement.

2. Additionally, stepper motors are highly reliable since there are no contact brushes in the motor.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Transportation

Other Industries

Education , Others , Health

Core Technology

Artificial Intelligence(AI)

Other Technologies

3D/4D Printing, Robotics, Others, Clean Tech

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Responsible Consumption and Production

Required Resources

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