Automatic Priority Based Power Load Switching Using PLC
Electrical power system is the major source to provide energy for residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural loads. Now a days, the demand of power is increasing day by day. The difference between demand and supply causes consumers to suffer from the unwanted load shedding. A total blacko
2025-06-28 16:25:27 - Adil Khan
Automatic Priority Based Power Load Switching Using PLC
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryElectrical power system is the major source to provide energy for residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural loads. Now a days, the demand of power is increasing day by day. The difference between demand and supply causes consumers to suffer from the unwanted load shedding. A total blackout may occur due to this increase in the power demand. The aim of this project is to automatically disconnect loads when there is not enough energy generation, on priority basis. Using PLC we will automatically turn on or off generators also, according to the requirement of load. Due to disconnection of surplus generators, overall efficiency of power system will be increased.
The implementation of the project consists of following: (1) Power measurement of load and generators using current and potential transformers. (2) Comparison of load power and generation power using PLC programming. (3) Disconnection of low priority loads when demand is more than power generation, using magnetic contactors. (4) Turn off surplus generators if demand is less than power generation. (5) Turn on second generator when demand increases than the maximum rated load of first generator. (6) Automatically synchronize second generator with first one when it is restarted. (7) Real time storage and displaying of power data on HMI.
Project Objectives- Power measurement of loads and generators.
- Priority based switching of loads when the generating power is less than the demand.
- Automatic switching of generators efficiently.
- Shed the minimum amount of load to maintain system stability.
- Real-time storage and display of data on HMI.
- Design of synchronous module for synchronization of generators.
Figure 1. Objectives for Automatic Priority Based Power Load Switching Using PLC
Project Implementation Method
Figure 2. Implemented Architectural Diagram for Automatic Priority Based Power Load Switching Using PLC
Figure 3. Measuring Instruments Block Diagram on Generators side
Figure 4. Measuring Instruments Block Diagram on Load side
Benefits of the Project- Unwanted load-shedding will be reduced.
- Stability of power system will be increased.
- In case of fault, minimum amount of load will be shed.
- More user friendly.
- People lives will be saved.
- Man Effort will be minimized.
- Power measurement by using CT and PT, on load and generators side. CT ratings are 10A/1V, PT ratings are 220V/12V
- Outputs of these CT/PTs are fed into analog module's inputs. Analog module reads analog values and send them to the PLC.
- Two single phase generators will be synchronized by measuring their voltage using potential transformer and frequency using tachometers. Generators are of rating 220v, 50Hz and 2kW.
- PLC will make decision on contactors according to power requirement.
- Real time data is also displayed on HMI.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 78410 | |||
| PLC FATEK FBS-32MAR2-AC (D24) | Equipment | 1 | 18000 | 18000 |
| FATEK AIO module FBS-6AD | Equipment | 1 | 14550 | 14550 |
| Single phase AC generator (2kW STC alternator) | Equipment | 2 | 13600 | 27200 |
| Motor for driving alternator (FM15 WITH FC 143) | Equipment | 2 | 2200 | 4400 |
| FATEK PLC programming cable | Equipment | 1 | 2300 | 2300 |
| SCT013 Current Transformer (100A / 500mA) | Equipment | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| Potential Transformer (220 / 12V Step down) | Equipment | 7 | 280 | 1960 |
| PUMA digital RPM meter (Tachometer) | Equipment | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Magnetic contactor 220 V | Equipment | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| Posters, reports and remaining components | Miscellaneous | 5 | 2000 | 10000 |