Wireless Power Transfer

Wireless power transmission can be defined as the process that takes place in any system where electrical energy is transmitted from a power source to an electrical load without interconnection of wires. The most common form of wireless power transmission is carried out using induction, followed by

Project Title

Wireless Power Transfer

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

Wireless power transmission can be defined as the process that takes place in any system where electrical energy is transmitted from a power source to an electrical load without interconnection of wires. The most common form of wireless power transmission is carried out using induction, followed by electro dynamic induction. This can be used for applications where either an instantaneous amount or a continuous delivery of energy is needed, but where conventional wires are unaffordable, inconvenient, expensive, hazardous, unwanted or impossible. The power can be transmitted using microwaves, millimeter waves or lasers. WPT is a technology that can transport power to locations which are otherwise not possible or impractical to reach. The action of an electrical transformer is the simplest instance of wireless energy transfer. The primary and secondary circuits of a transformer are not directly connected. The transfer of energy takes place by electromagnetic coupling through a process known as mutual induction. 
 
The main function of wireless power transfer is to allow electrical devices to be continuously charged and lose the constraint of a power cord. In the age of wireless communication and portable music players the demand for powering those devices wirelessly is ever prevalent. The advantages of portability and wireless communication are greatly hindered by the fact that the devices themselves must be plugged into the walls to charge. One of the major issues in power system is the losses during the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. As the demand increases day by day, the power generation increases and the power losses is also increased. In our present electricity generation system we waste more than half of our resources. Much of this power is wasted during transmission from power plant generators to the consumer. The resistance of the wire used in the electrical grid distribution system causes a loss of 26-30% of the energy generated. This loss implies that our present system of electrical distribution is only 70-74% efficient. 
 
Now-a-days global scenario has been changed a lot and there is tremendous development in every field. If we don‘t keep pace with the development of new power technology we have to face a decreasing trend in the development of power sector. The transmission of power without wires may be one noble alternative for electricity transmission. 
 
 

Project Objectives

The overall goal of this project is to design and successfully implement a wireless power transmission system for residential purpose. The system will work by using resonant coils to transmit power from an AC line in the ceiling to various devices. The major objective is to achieve Wireless power transfer via resonant inductive coupling between the transmitting and receiving coils in the near field. To demonstrate that power is successfully transferred wirelessly, an LED, a battery and a DC fan is used. There are several benefits for the use of such a system:

•  Elimination of cords on the ground that make tripping hazards.
• Allows no wire installation
• A necessary step towards consumer wireless power. 

Project Implementation Method

Inductive coupling method is the most important methods transferring energy wirelessly through inductive coupling. Basically, it is used for near -field power transmission. The power transmission takes place between the two conductive materials through mutual inductance. The general example of inductive coupling power transmission is a transformer.

The transmitter and receiver circuit combined is called the coupling circuit. It is the heart of the entire system as the actual wireless power transfer is carried out here. The efficiency of the coupling circuit determines the amount of power available for the receiver system. A rectifier would be needed to rectify the AC voltage received from the receiver coil to drive a DC load.

The main challenge is to desgin the oscillator circuit.An oscillator is a circuit which produces a continuous, repeated, alternating waveform without any input. Oscillators basically convert unidirectional current flow from a DC source into an alternating waveform which is of the desired frequency, as decided by its circuit components.This will couse to increase in the overall efficiency of the system.

Benefits of the Project

The Major benfits of this project is :

• Allows for charging of multiple devices. This is achieved by changing the coil geometry, as well as allocating large charging surface areas such as table tops and charging benches.
• High charging speeds: though at the moment wireless charging offers a slower charging rate than the wired option, advances in resonance and induction technology promises an increased charging rate and improved efficiency in the future
• Wireless power transfer allows for greater spatial freedom between the power source and the device. This means that the two do not have to be precisely aligned for power transfer.
• Eliminating charging cords enables engineers to make compact and watertight devices, thus maximising on safety, and varied use such as in deep-sea applications.
• Prevents corrosion and sparking by eliminating mechanical connectors and wired contacts
• Reduces costs associated with maintaining and replacing mechanical connectors

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The main concept of wireless power transfer to eliminate the use conventional copper cables and also current carrying wires.

This project is built upon using a circuit which converts AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V, High frequency (HF). The output is fed to a tuned coil shaping as main of an air core transformer. The minor coil develops a voltage of HF 12volt.

Thus the power transfer can be done by the primary to the secondary that is divided with 1m or more distance. So the transfer could be seen as the primary transmits and the secondary receives the power to run a load.

In addition, this method can be used in several applications, like to charge gadgets like mobile phone, laptop battery, iPod, propeller clock wirelessly. And also this type of charging offers a far lower risk of electrical shock as it would be galvanically isolated.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

Manufacturing , Telecommunication

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and Production

Required Resources

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