Vehicle to Vehicle Communication for crash avoidance
Day by day the population of this country is increasing and so is the number of cars on the road. Peoples prefer personal transports over public transport because public transport is more time consuming and one becomes dependent on it. Due to the increasing number of cars on the road, the numbe
2025-06-28 16:36:35 - Adil Khan
Vehicle to Vehicle Communication for crash avoidance
Project Area of Specialization Information & Communication TechnologyProject SummaryDay by day the population of this country is increasing and so is the number of cars on the road. Peoples prefer personal transports over public transport because public transport is more time consuming and one becomes dependent on it. Due to the increasing number of cars on the road, the number of the accident are also increasing. So we aim to make a system that can assist the driver in safe driving.
This project solves one of the most challenging problems we face in transportation today from avoiding accidents that occur because of human error to improper/undisciplined traffic flow in the country making our cities safer. A vehicle accident is not a new problem. Many different approaches have been used to solve this issue one of them is Vehicle-To-Vehicle (V2V) communication. The aim of our project is to work on this area and make it more efficient and reliable for people. V2V relies on IEEE 802.11 based multi-hop MAC protocol that sends an emergency warning message to nearby vehicles to take action before resulting in the crash. V2V communication operates on a wireless network where one vehicle communicates with other vehicles and share safety information such as vehicle speed, location, acceleration, brake signal, etc. The vehicle is equipped with built-in or attachable sensors which gives real-time data that is transmitted over a network protocol to the other vehicle.
The driver in the vehicle will receive assistance such as front collision warning, left-turn assist, right turn assist; front vehicles break warning, intersection assist, etc.
Project Objectives- Fetching data from the car. we would be fetching the data from cars OBD-II port. for this, we would need OBD-II module which after connecting to cars 16-pin OBD port, we can get data either by Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or serial cable
- Communication between cars. After the literature review, we found that there are many ways of making communication between different cars. We would be using the IEEE 802.11 protocol for establishing communication. We would create Ad-Hoc networks on our Raspberry pi's to communicate messages between them.
- Developing safety Algorithms. The Algorithms will be designed according to the data we are getting from the car and according to our proposed scenarios. When the conditions are met, the safety messages would be communicated over to neighboring cars.
- Using radar/ultrasonic sensor to avoid a front collision. We will install additional sensors in front of our cars to increase the safety of cars. These sensors will generate output when the distance between two cars decreases a certain set amount.
Real-Time Vehicle Data:
We need vehicle’s real-time speed, location coordinates, and distance from front car. The speed of the vehicle should be accurate as the speed of the vehicle is the main data element that will be used for decision making. In order to get an accurate speed, we will be using On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) device which fetches data from the car ECU through its OBD-II port. To get front vehicle distance we can use the ultrasonic sensor, radar or lidar. We need a GPS device to get real-time location coordinates of the vehicle. These sensors and devices have to be implemented in every car on the road. All of this data from each one of the vehicles will be processed by Raspberry Pi that will act as an external vehicle computer to do the processing and decision making. The software will run on every Raspberry Pi device in each of the vehicles that will be fetching vehicle data in real-time from different sensors described above. The sensor data along and collision avoidance algorithm will help decide in which scenarios and emergency situations warning messages and alerts have to be generated for the driver to take action.
Scenarios:Front Collision Warning (FCW):
The speed of the vehicle and the front distance will determine whether the vehicle has maintained a safe distance from the front vehicle or not. If the distance at any particular speed will be less than the safe distance a warning message will be shown to the driver along with a warning alarm. If the vehicle in the front is breaking the current speed of the vehicle will be lower than the previous speed. The speed of the front vehicle will be communicated to other vehicles on the same lane. This difference in speed determines the intensity of the brake. The greater the difference the greater the intensity of the brake applied. If the difference is more and the distance from the front vehicle increases an emergency brake warning message will be shown along with the warning alarm.
Intersection Assist.
When vehicle 1 is in T- junction it will keep sending its speed information to vehicle 2. The speed information will be received and compared to vehicle 2’s speed. If vehicle 2 is about to cross the junction while vehicle 1 is moving with a high speed, the driver of vehicle 1 will be alerted to let the other vehicle cross first.
Benefits of the Project- Driver Assistance. safety messages will be communicated to the drivers in case of any abnormality on the road. Also, the driver will be assisted with messages like when to slow down cars and whether it is safe to cross the intersection or not.
- The decrease in the number of road accidents. Since the drivers of all cars are getting the information of the prior cars, and a message will be generated in real-time if the prior car is slowing down or applying emergency brakes, so the drivers can take action in time which will avoid any mishap.
- Road safety. When extending the project, we can get the information on the speed limits on different roads and prompt drivers with the message to drive their cars under that specified speed. This would help increase road safety.
- The software fetches data from OBD-II port and other sensors. Raspberry pi will act as an external computer where the data collected from the sensors will be used to do the processing on the bases of the decision making algorithm. When an emergency situation or abnormal behavior occurs the algorithm decides what warning message has to be deployed to other vehicles.
- Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETS) works on the principle of mobile ad-hoc networks that can be used to connect one vehicle to another. An ad-hoc network is a type of peer-to-peer wireless network that will allow vehicles to communicate with each other on 802.11 radios without a central access point like a wireless router. We have assigned a static IP address to our Raspberry pi and created a subnet of 4 hosts in order to connect with other vehicles. The vehicles in the range of ad-hoc network will connect with each other and will transmit data packet containing safety messages.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 71650 | |||
| Raspberry pi 4 (1 GB ram) | Equipment | 3 | 7500 | 22500 |
| obd-II(Bluetooth) | Equipment | 1 | 2100 | 2100 |
| obd-II(Serial cable) | Equipment | 2 | 1500 | 3000 |
| Raspberry pi case | Equipment | 3 | 350 | 1050 |
| Touch display 5 inches | Equipment | 3 | 4000 | 12000 |
| GPS module | Equipment | 3 | 1500 | 4500 |
| Stationary, Printing, Overheads | Miscellaneous | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| Lidar Sensor | Equipment | 3 | 7500 | 22500 |
| Ultrasonic Sensor | Equipment | 3 | 500 | 1500 |