Transmission line fault detector with GSM module

This project which we are going to present is basically our idea to protect the transmission line of electrical power systems from sudden faults occurs and have a quick awareness to a concern authorities about that fault to avoid time delay and have to overcome the issues at its earliest and talking

Project Title

Transmission line fault detector with GSM module

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

This project which we are going to present is basically our idea to protect the transmission line of electrical power systems from sudden faults occurs and have a quick awareness to a concern authorities about that fault to avoid time delay and have to overcome the issues at its earliest and talking about the previous working of this project we are not aware that in our university anyone or any group of our university have any working on this project we are basically working on it as our own idea. The Electric Power System is divided into many different sections. One of which is the transmission system, where power is transmitted from generating stations and substations via transmission lines into consumers. Both methods could encounter various types of malfunctions is usually referred to as a “Fault”. Fault is simply defined as a number of undesirable but unavoidable incidents can temporarily disturb the stable condition of the power system that occurs when the insulation of the system fails at any point, ? Various studies shows that anywhere from 70% to 90 % faults on various overhead lines are transient ? It tends to be less transient (near 80% range) at lower distribution voltages and more transient (near 90% range ) at higher sub transmission and transmission voltagesThis project which we are going to present is basically our idea to protect the transmission line of electrical power systems from sudden faults occurs and have a quick awareness to a concern authorities about that fault to avoid time delay and have to overcome the issues at its earliest and talking about the previous working of this project we are not aware that in our university anyone or any group of our university have any working on this project we are basically working on it as our own idea. The Electric Power System is divided into many different sections. One of which is the transmission system, where power is transmitted from generating stations and substations via transmission lines into consumers. Both methods could encounter various types of malfunctions is usually referred to as a “Fault”. Fault is simply defined as a number of undesirable but unavoidable incidents can temporarily disturb the stable condition of the power system that occurs when the insulation of the system fails at any point, ? Various studies shows that anywhere from 70% to 90 % faults on various overhead lines are transient ? It tends to be less transient (near 80% range) at lower distribution voltages and more transient (near 90% range ) at higher sub transmission and transmission voltages

Project Objectives

ABSTRACT:

The research work promote us how to find a fault either that will be Line to Line or Line to Ground. When normally a fault is being detected that would be generally unseen that means we could not find where fault actually occurred. As a result we could not take an action for fixing the problem. In Pakistan we have many Side Areas tracks . This is very difficult to maintain and find out the problem where exactly occurred those types of area. On account of the project and research work a blessing word is introduced to us that is if a fault is detected we can find easily find the suspect’s region where fault is occurred. At this moment we have no any alternative solution .By implementing the proposed research work we can detect the fault easily by getting a SMS from cell phone on blessing of using GSM module. The authentic goal is that the sense of fault in exact time and protecting the transformer at the shortest possible time a SMS from cell phone on blessing of using Bluetooth module. The authentic goal is that the sense of fault in exact time and protecting the transformer at the shortest possible time. It is important to note that transformers are very costly just like in Pakistan a 11KV transformer on an average costs PKR 406,215.14 - PKR 795,114.45. If the respective person does not take an action in an exact time the transformer will be damaged within any notice within a second. But if this system will use the transformer might be safe without any doubt. So this research and authors are developing a cost effective and fast response system aiding in improving safety. economical than an equivalent single-phase or two-phase system at the same line to ground voltage because it uses less conductor material to transmit electrical power.

Project Implementation Method

METHODOLOGY:

The project uses 6 numbers step-down transformers for handling the entire circuit under low voltage conditions of 12v only to test the 3 phase fault analysis. The primary of 3 transformers are connected to a 3 phase supply in star configuration, while the secondary of the same is also connected in star configuration. The other set of 3 transformers with its primary connected in star to 3 phase have their secondary?s connected in delta configuration.

The output of all the 6 transformers are rectified and filtered individually and are given to 6 relay coils. 6 push buttons, one each connected across the relay coil is meant to create a fault condition either at star i.e. LL Fault or 3L Fault. The NC contacts of all the relays are made parallel while all the common points are grounded. The parallel connected point of NC are given to pin2 through a resistor R5 to a 555 timer i.e. Wired in monostable mode. The output of the same timer is connected to the reset pin 4 of  another 555 timer wired in a stable mode. LED?s are connected at their output to indicate their status. The output of the U3 from pin3 is given to an Op-amp LM358 through wire 11 and d12 to the non-inverting input pin3, while the inverting input is kept at a fixed voltage by a potential divider RV2. The voltage at pin2 coming from the potential divider is so held that it is higher than the pin3 of the Op-amp used as a comparator so that pin1 develops zero logic that fails to operate the relay through the driver transistor This relay is 3CO relay i.e. is meant for disconnecting the load to indicate fault conditions

GSM MODULE Chip:

SIM800L  Voltage: 3.7-4.2V  Support networks: China Mobile, China Unicom and global quadband network  Module size: 2.5cmx2.3cm  TTL serial port for serial port, you can link directly to the microcontroller. No need MAX232  Power module automatically boot, homing network  Onboard signal lights all the way . It flashes slowly when there is a signal, it flashes quickly when there is no signal   

Cause

The major cause of a transient fault is

1) LIGHTING

2) SWINGING WIRES

3) Line Broken

4) Fire Flam

5) TEMPORARY CONTACTS WITH FOREIGN OBJECT

6) Line to Line fault

7) Line to Ground fault

8) Line to Line Ground fault

9) Phase Fault

? The remaining 10 to 30% faults are semi permanent or permanent in nature ? Transient faults can be cleared by momentarily de energizing the line, in order the fault to be cleared Auto reclosing can then restore service to a line

Benefits of the Project

Benefits

In future we can make a voice call which give information about fault and fault location

. 2) In future we can replace GSM technique by WIFI system. 3) At present we are displaying fault on LCD And it can be display on MSEB Offices computer. Aim: The main aim of this project is to make transmission line more reliable and clearing the fault. Design: The project consists of transformer, voltage regulator, relay, filter, 555 timer, diode, resistor, capacitor etc. In this circuit six number of step down transformer are used forming the star and delta connection. Their input is 220 volt and gives output in 12 volt. This is due to low voltage testing of fault and detect the fault condition and operate circuit breaker and other device to limit the loss of service due to failure. Costs: The costs include Capital costs, Installation costs, Commissioning costs, Maintenance and Servicing costs etc

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Technical Details 

While the board is powered from a 3 phase supply all the 6 relay coils get DC voltage and their common point disconnects from the NC and moves on to the NO points there by providing logic high at pin2 of relay . i.e. that is kept on monostable mode. While any push button across the relay is pressed it disconnects that relay and in the process in common contacts moves to the NC position to provide a logic low at trigger pin to develop an output that brings the U3 which is used in a stable mode for its reset pin to high such that the astable operation takes place at its output which is also indicated by flashing D11 LED .If the fault is off temporary in nature i.e. if the push button pressed is released immediately the U1 monostable disables U3 the output of which goes to zero in the event of any push button kept pressed for a longer duration the monostable output provides a longer duration active situation for U3 the astable timer the output of which charges capacitor C13 through R11 such that the output of the comparator goes high that drives the relay to switch off three phase load. The output of Op-amp remains high indefinitely through a positive feedback provided for its pin1 to pin3 through classification algorithm the faults are basically comprised of positive and negative sequence component. It is clear that whenever ground is involved in any of the fault algorithm the system shows the corresponding zero effect of difference.In above classification algorithm the faults are basically comprised of positive and negative sequence component. It is clear that whenever ground is involved in any of the fault algorithm the system shows the corresponding zero effect of difference During 3-phase bolted fault the differences between the symmetrical component and the line components does not have any angle magnitude. In such case the functional system does not show the involvement of negative sequence components.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

Others

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Responsible Consumption and Production

Required Resources

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