Solar Power Based Smart Cutter

Nowadays, grass cutting machine are inevitable part of almost all the places, offices, lawns, areas etc. Even the different places like visiting places parks of different curves, shapes and universities as well as colleges a significant part of the different types of grass. Cutting the grass by some

Project Title

Solar Power Based Smart Cutter

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

Nowadays, grass cutting machine are inevitable part of almost all the places, offices, lawns, areas etc. Even the different places like visiting places parks of different curves, shapes and universities as well as colleges a significant part of the different types of grass. Cutting the grass by some man power and labour use have been a tiring and troublesome task for human beings. This also costs so much on labour and more power man on this task. Grass cutting machine which consists of internal combustion engine which leads to pollution in environment, also maintenance of such engine will costly more as well as much noise of this machine generated that all around places effect from this noise. Even when this in college or in university, when cutting the grass with IC engine cutter the noise are too much to bear during study. Therefore,  Smart Grass Cutter were invented. The Smart grass cutter cuts the grass of the lawn with an equally grass cut all around. The Smart grass cutter is being extensively used by various organizations. Nowadays, to cut the grass automatically, there are two main methods mainly used which are I) using Mobile app to control the solar grass cutter machine (ii) Solar Power based Smart grass cutter  which cut the grass equal at an uneven and at even surface equally.

Both methods are reliable and accurate. However, the Mobile app in which we control the solar grass cutter is to use man-power. Such as, the man standing with solar grass cutting machine to control the machine all around the lawn with all day. So the other main method Solar power based Smart grass cutter in market are based on Grass cutting without use of man. The cost of these Solar power based Smart grass cutter depends upon various factors such as manufacturing brand, reliability, size and most importantly the lawn cutting area with accuracy how much present in it. Whilst this project will focus to develop Solar Power Based Smart Grass Cutter using Arduino UNO, which will control the motors drivers which rotates the DC motors with tires. It is automatic solar grass cutting machine that there will neither man-power to control the machine nor too much cost on its engine, pollution free due to solar based, maintenance cost will less due to not on IC engine. As it is Automatic, Arduino UNO also controls the obstacle avoidance using Different types of sensor like ultrasonic sensor. When this detects obstacle in its path, it will change its direction and cut the grass evenly. It is predefined path in it of lawn which has checks on its on the obstacle mechanism. Specifically, the proposed project aims is to achieve high accuracy and robustness in real-time.

Project Objectives

The aim of the project is to develop a user friendly, intelligent Cutting, identification and Cost and Energy Efficient . Specifically main objectives of the proposed project are as following.

• We aim to develop a Solar Power based Smart Grass Cutter developing Predefined Algorithm. In addition, we also aim to develop a dedicated hardware Prototype, which will cut the Grass with obstacle avoidance also with its speed control automatically.

• We aim to develop an identification in Solar power based Smart Grass Cutter. For instance, we will bring flower from neither-land and place it in lawn. The Solar Power Based Smart Grass Cutter with predefined path using ultrasonic sensor detects that flower and change its path and with accuracy cut the grass around it.

• We focus to design a low-cost, simple, automatic and accurate Solar Power Based Smart Grass Cutter machine. Moreover, we advancement in it by controlling blades which cut grass using hydraulic mechanism.

Project Implementation Method

To begin this project, we will start from understanding the developing and working with calculations of this project. We will explore different algorithms for charge controller as its battery charging from solar panel. There are two main charge controllers, I) PWM Solar charge controller ii) Maximum power point tracking Solar charge controller(MPPT). The efficient solar charge controller is MPPT due to in weather condition whether it is rainy season or partially cloudy weather, the efficiency of MPPT Solar charge controller is more then 90%. There are different algorithms in MPPT Solar charge controller like Constant Voltage method, Open Circuit Voltage method, Short Circuit method, Incremental Conductance method, Pertub and Observe algorithm (P&O). We use Pertub and Observe algorithm (P&O) for MPPT Solar charge controller. We explore different libraries and algorithms for path as there are two main algorithms for path planning I) Predefined path ii) Controlled with remotely. We Developing Predefined path for this due to already defined obstacle avoidance in its controlling mechanism. Also explore different libraries and algorithm of C++ language for different algorithm which could possibly used in our algorithm for obstacle avoidance which uses in Arduino UNO, the main part of Controlling the machine. Along with it, we will also explore the feasibility of Arduino UNO in depth.  After developing the algorithm, we will burns the algorithm in Arduino UNO and will perform testing the algorithm and see the results on LCD 16x2 screen. Then a hardware structure of machine will be designed and implemented which most likely will consists of a metal shape of like square with its all components and battery, charge controller and LCD 16x2 attached on that metal sheet upper, and Solar panel places on top of it. We will place the Solar Power Based Smart Grass cutter in lawn and running on ground surface. The supervisor and the project teammates are competent enough to perform all these tasks efficiently.

Benefits of the Project

Due to the development of the proposed project, we have the following benefits.

1. It will be a cost and energy efficient, reliable, accurate, identification, precise and intelligent Solar Power Based Smart Grass Cutting machine which will save unnecessary and the time-consuming process of cutting the grass.
2. It will provide no pollution as no IC engine use for cutting grass which impacts on environment. In Addition, project will reduce the noise effect in comparison with IC engine cutter. No IC engine used in this project so there will be less noise of the cutter to cut the grass.
3. The proposed project will provide high order thinking, decision power, stability, availability and no human power will be used. As well as its maintenance cost also low.
4. It will provide as no human power, being earlier era, the Grass cutting machine costs labour, it will enough costs spend on labour, many workers will need for that grass cutting machine but this proposed project will provide no labour costs, as it is less human power used.
5. We believe that the proposed project is proactive, responsive and works in real-time environment. Therefore, a newly hired staff with less experience can operate this product. Importantly, there is no need to train the personal for  operate this product as no experience man also operate this product easily.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The flow of the proposed Solar Power Based Smart Grass Cutter is depicted in Fig. 1. The system will comprise of the following interconnected steps:

Step-1: Solar Panel: The First Step is the Solar Panel. Solar panel which is mono crystalline type has higher efficiency converts sunlight directly into electrical energy which gives to the battery through Solar charge controller.

• Mono crystalline Solar Panel
• Higher Efficiency
• Less Size

Step-2: MPPT Solar Charge Controller with Pertub and Observe (P&O) Algorithm: When Light comes from solar panel to solar charge controller, here MPPT solar charge controller using Buck Converter with P&O algorithm implemented. First this MPPT Solar charge controller with buck converter checks the duty cycle of the buck converter. This duty cycle depends on Maximum power point tracking P&O. When voltage increases, current increases. The product forms power which will be compared to Pertub and observe algorithm. This power compares its previous power till the voltage increases current increases but power cannot increase, it decreases that’s the point where maximum power point will be attained. When maximum power achieved then MPPT solar charge controller charges battery at maximum power. Additional benefit of MPPT solar charge controller is that it prevents to damaging the battery from overcharging.

  Fig. 1: Architecture of proposed Solar Power Based Smart Grass Cutter

• Step-3: Battery: After Maximum power point achieve, it charges the battery at maximum power. The Battery charges and its some voltage is given to Arduino through Switch. 

• Step-4: Arduino UNO Main Controlling : The Arduino UNO is the main controlling device of our Project. 

  When Voltage is given to Arduino UNO through Switch, until the Switch is OFF, the Arduino could not in working position till the switch ON. When switch is ON, the Arduino UNO given voltage to motor Driver L298N IC which further runs the motors.  The Arduino UNO working on Principle of :

• Intelligent Cutting
• Predefined Path Planning

• The Path is Predefined in the Arduino UNO, as path is predefined so it will automatically changes its direction

• Step-5: Obstacle Avoidance: The obstacle Avoidance is also in predefined path defined which is also the controlling the Arduino UNO. The obstacle avoidance using by ultrasonic sensor which controls the Arduino UNO at some distance. When it detects Obstacle changes its path, turn left depends on obstacle which way it is, then straight move.

• Step-6:Operation of Cutting Grass: After completion of above steps, the motor driver which connects through Arduino UNO runs the motor driver which given voltage and current to DC motor of high RPM which rotating the blades to cut the grass.

• Step-7: Result on LCD 16x2: Once the whole process is done, the Solar Power Based Smart Grass cutter shows the result on LCD16x2 screen.

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Core Industry

Education

Other Industries

IT

Core Technology

Robotics

Other Technologies

Internet of Things (IoT)

Sustainable Development Goals

Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com