Smart IoT based Pole Mounted Transformer
Pole mounted transformers, which are deployed by the government?s electric department in every town and industry. The major problem for the user of the electricity and electric department is that there is no direct indication or alert for the electric department in case of PMT failure or malfu
2025-06-28 16:35:28 - Adil Khan
Smart IoT based Pole Mounted Transformer
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryPole mounted transformers, which are deployed by the government’s electric department in every town and industry. The major problem for the user of the electricity and electric department is that there is no direct indication or alert for the electric department in case of PMT failure or malfunctioning. These problems sometimes need to be reported by the user directly via call or other communication ways. The time required for this issue indicated by the user or sometimes by load distribution department is unknown. The monitoring and diagnostics help utilities maximize asset performance and reduce unexpected transformer failure and subsequent power outages through alerts, detection, diagnosis, and prognosis. By monitoring different conditions within the transformer, the implemented system will detect and report potential problems back to the utility in real-time. The information sent to the utility can be stored and analyzed by advanced software, helping predict and prevent potential transformer failure before it happens.
We use 3-phase variac as a PMT, 440V, CT is connected in series with each phase which will measure the phase current while the voltage sensor is connected to measure the voltages. CT, Voltage sensor, Relay, LCD, GSM module are integrated with microcontroller, as CT and Voltage sensor are connected with microcontroller then if current and voltages are exceeded to the pre-determined values then CT and Voltage sensor will measure the respective values and send signal to relay which senses and take decision according to the condition and give signal to contractor to trip the PMT. By this, the system will be safe from severe fault and display the message with PMT no. will be sent through the GSM module instantly on the utility station which will be displayed on LCD. So the authorities will get informed about fault and reached to the faulty location soon. While as the project is a smart system based so each phase voltages and currents will be shown on cloud server through software which will display live voltages and current of each phase and it will be updated after every 30 sec if any malfunctioning occurs then the authorities can also be able to trip the desired PMT.
The outcome product is based on three demonstration working model of PMT unit and its control and alert circuitry. The whole system will be connected to the application for real-time monitoring and SMS service will be used also in case of the power-down of any of the three PMT units. The application of this project is the need for the current time. The power failure and long shutdown are not acceptable for customers and electric supply departments. This project will help them to recognize the power failure location and immediate alert in case of PMT down.
The real-time application of this project is in K-Electric, where there is still not any smart phase failure indication on the LV side of PMT.
Project ObjectivesPole mounted transformers, which are deployed by the government’s electric department in every town and industry. The amount of these installed transformers is in 1000s. The major problem for the user of the electricity and electric department is that there is no direct indication or alert for the electric department in case of PMT failure or malfunctioning. These problems sometimes need to be reported by the user directly via call or other communication ways. The time required for this issue indicated by the user or sometimes by load distribution department is unknown.
Project Implementation MethodSTRATEGY:
Project accomplishment has based on the three members, and everyone is equally efficient in their work related to the project moreover everyone has been motivated and passionate to achieve desired results in the predetermined duration of time as well as to make sure troubleshoot every problem by using the technical and critical skill. The project has divided into some phases,
- Equipment configuration and Parameter finding
- Market serve and Equipment purchasing
- Hardware implementation and testing
- Code implementation and interference of IOT part
- Project assembling
- Creating a Fault scenario and analyzing
ACHIEVING OUTCOMES:
A three-phase step-down transformer has been feeding an area of many consumers. At the secondary side of the transformer, sensing devices (current transformer CT and potential transformer PT) have installed in every individual phase to as well as three-phase protection devices (relay contractor and breaker) have used to isolate a system from fault. In normal conditions, Ct’s and Pt’s are sensing currents and voltages, in the meanwhile sensing devices are sending signals to the controller (8M8A, 22 pins). the controller has the most essential and fundamental role in the process, it is also the decision making part of the project. The controller has been receiving six analog input signals from following sensing devices. Furthermore, controller has total Fourteen Digital pins connected, Eleven Digital pins from LCD which is displaying the electrical parameters, one is pin with protection device which will take action in case of fault scenario, one is connected with GSM which will send message to concerned authorities if fault occurs, the final one with IOT part which will show live graph of currents and voltages,
A Controller has codded with different ranges of over/under voltages and currents flow, which could cause damage to the expensive electrical equipment. In normal condition, supply will transfer normally (supplier to consumers) and sensing devices will measure voltage and current and send to the controller, in meanwhile living current and voltage will display in monitor room in the form of graphs which could be comparable, and every individual phase has own graph of voltage and current. There will no interruption in system and monitoring will be going on simultaneously.
Benefits of the ProjectThe application of this project is the need for the current time. The power failure and long shutdown are not acceptable for the customer and Electric supply departments. This project will help them to recognize the power failure location and immediate alert in case of PMT down
The real-time application of this project is in K. Electric, where there is still not any smart phase failure indication in the LV side of PMT.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableAll the data from the sensors would be integrated with the controller circuitry through amplifiers and signal conditioners.
The load would be automatically shut down in case of low or above voltages.
The current and voltage live information will be sent over the internet after every 30sec.
The alert message will be sent to the concerned authority, in case of failure.
Project Outcomes:
- Monitoring of three-phase current flow, voltage regulation, load flow in each phases analysis
- Live Monitoring as well as comparison of current and voltage through IoT in graphical form
- The action of protection devices due to uncertain circumstances (short circuit current, over/under voltage, overload current)
- Message (fault location and ID number of PMT) sending to concerned authorities
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 77950 | |||
| Current Sensors | Equipment | 9 | 450 | 4050 |
| Voltage Sensors | Equipment | 9 | 650 | 5850 |
| LCD | Equipment | 3 | 650 | 1950 |
| Microcontroller | Equipment | 3 | 1800 | 5400 |
| GSM Module | Equipment | 3 | 5500 | 16500 |
| Voltage Variac | Equipment | 3 | 4500 | 13500 |
| PCB Designing | Equipment | 3 | 2000 | 6000 |
| Contractors | Equipment | 3 | 2000 | 6000 |
| Load | Equipment | 9 | 500 | 4500 |
| Hardware Board and Acc. | Miscellaneous | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |
| Clock Module | Equipment | 3 | 600 | 1800 |
| WiFi Module | Equipment | 3 | 800 | 2400 |