Scheming a model for Smart Distribution System

Project Title

Scheming a model for Smart Distribution System

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

Electricity, or electric power has become the most popular commodity of the modern world. To transfer electricity from where it is generated to where is required, power systems are formed. However, as the existing systems are analyzed from time to time, it is observed that they somehow fail to achieve certain objectives such as; smooth and reliable operation, effortless control, instant fault clearing, etc. This is where automation comes in.

By using IoT platform, the conventional grid can be switched to a smart grid that can be controlled and managed using the Internet. Our project is a Smart Energy device fitted at the consumer premises that would acquire electricity consumption data of the consumer and upload it on cloud to be accessed by supplier of electric power. The supplier could then generate an electricity bill for each consumer on a monthly basis which would be communicated to the consumers on their mobile phones through GSM module.

Additionally, the supplier can manage load on various grids using Internet of Things (IoT) platform. This way if any grid fails due to some reason, its load can be shifted to other grids and power blackout can be prevented. Moreover, current sensors are installed in the device to detect for external as well as internal electricity theft. In case of theft, both supplier and consumer are notified by SMS through GSM module. The supplier can cut off power with the help of a Relay switch if the consumer fails to justify the theft detected. The proposed project aims to curb the drawbacks of the existing grid system and replace it with a newer, better and smarter system.

Project Objectives

The project aims to:

1. Introduce a two-way communication system between the supplier and consumers. 
2. Implement remote monitoring and control of distribution system.
3. Solve grid failure problem by switching loads to different grids in case of power failure.
4. Eliminate theft (both internal and external) on distribution lines. 
5. Allow Smart Energy management by consumer.

Project Implementation Method

PHASE-1: Literature Review:

In the first phase, we achieve the following:

1. We review past researches related to our topic to develop a proper understanding of the task beforehand.
2. We select the best ideas to implement our project.

PHASE-2: Project Simulation on Proteus Software:

This is the most important phase of our project. In order to develop a flawless prototype, we:

1. Analyze similar projects done in past and understand their working to develop a better understanding of the Proteus software.
2. Recognize the use of various relatable components and select suitable components for our project.
3. Develop a prototype on Proteus for our project.

PHASE-3: Writing Arduino Code:

Once the prototype is ready, we:

1. Learn Arduino coding with C language utilizing online sources.
2. Write a code for the developed prototype.
3. Test run and improvise the software prototype.

PHASE-4: Designing a Hardware Model:

In the final stage, we:

1. Gather all components and design a PCB.
2. Assemble the components and complete our model.
3. Design a website for our Smart Distribution System (preferably using IoTGecko platform).
4. Coordinate the model to the WiFi module and the developed website.
5. Run, Verify and Finalize our model. 

Benefits of the Project

The developed model for Smart Distribution System offers the following benefits:

1. Users can set time to check energy consumption at various times and manage their load consumption. This would lead to sustainable consumption of electricity.
2. Meter reading cost is reduced to zero as load consumption of various consumers under the distribution system is available on system website.
3. Energy distributor can manage load on each electricity grid over IoT platform (website).
4. Power blackouts can be reduced to a greater extent by utilizing grid switching feature.
5. Energy theft can be greatly reduced by implementation of fines and power cut off if any suspicious activity is detected on the consumer premises.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The final product will be a smart energy device that would be fitted outside the consumer premises. This device will measure the consumed units (kWh) of electricity and communicate the total units to the consumer via a LCD display, and to the distributor via the Internet through a WiFi module. A GSM module is integrated to send monthly bills, and alerts (in case of electricity theft) to consumers. Additionally, a hidden switch (a Solid State Relay) is mounted on the device so that the supplier can cut off power in case a electricity theft is detected. 

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	49550
Arduino UNO board	Equipment	2	1500	3000
Esp8266 WiFi Module	Equipment	2	600	1200
GSM Module	Equipment	2	2200	4400
Single phase Energy Meter	Equipment	1	5500	5500
16x4 LCD white backlight	Equipment	2	480	960
4n35 Optocoupler	Equipment	3	30	90
ACS712 Current Sensor	Equipment	4	350	1400
Potential transformer	Equipment	4	400	1600
2 channel USB based Solid state Relay	Equipment	2	1040	2080
PCB designing	Equipment	3	5000	15000
5V 1.5A adapter	Equipment	2	350	700
Capacitors	Equipment	10	100	1000
Light bulb and socket	Equipment	8	250	2000
Crystal oscillator	Equipment	3	40	120
Connecting wires and cables	Equipment	20	20	400
Resistors	Equipment	10	10	100
Project Report Printing	Miscellaneous	7	1000	7000
IoT Website Domain cost	Miscellaneous	1	3000	3000