Preparation of Chitosan from shrimp shells with different degree of deacetylation

Project Title

Preparation of Chitosan from shrimp shells with different degree of deacetylation

Project Area of Specialization Wearables and ImplantableProject Summary

Chitosan is a biomaterial typically obtained by partial deacetylation of chitin, which is prepared from biowaste like shrimp shells, crustacean, the plant cell-wall or the fungi cell wall. Chitosan is a copolymer of N-acetylglucosamine units and D-glucosamine units. The degree of deacetylation is the molar fraction of Nacetylglucosamine units in the chain is defined:

DD=nGlcNnGlcN+nGlcNAc

Where nGlcN represents the average number of D-glucosamine units and nGlcNAcrepresents the average number of N-acetylglucosamine units.

Chitosan finds a wide range of applications such as; food packaging, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industry and many more, due to its diverse properties like biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. In the wide range of applications that it finds in the field of biomedical engineering, the Chitosan needs to be prepared with a different degree of deacetylation. The varying degree of deacetylation helps it become a versatile biomaterial.

The main objective of our research is to prepare Chitosan with different degrees of deacetylation which results in enhancement of its applications not only in medical sciences but in fields like agriculture and many more. Characterization of the prepared Chitosan is also a later part of our final year project.

Project Objectives

• Different applications of Chitosan require different degree of de-acetylation of chitosanThe main objective of our research is to control the degree of deacetylation of Chitosan while preparing it with waste material (shrimps shells).
• To have knowledge about it's mechanical & chemical properties. 
• To perform chitosan's characterization by using different analysing techniques like, FTIR, XRD & SEM Analysis.
• To manipulate chitosan for a medical application (wound dressing).

Project Implementation Method

This project is divided into 3 main phases.The first phase is comprised of preparation of biomaterial chitosan with different degree of deacetylation, the first phase is further divided into 5 steps.

In first step Raw shrimp shells were brought from the local market and then washed throughly with distilled water and then boiled, dried and grounded.

In second step we demineralize the shells powder with dilute hydrochloric acid.

In third step we shall deproteinize the shell powder with sodium hydroxide.

In forth step we shall decolourize chitin residues using acetone and sodium hypochlorite.

In final step we shall deacetylates chitin residues with sodium hydroxide with diference in it's degree of deacetylation. During this entire process the material will always be on stove  and continously stirred and after every step the residues are collected, grinded and filter out using a seive.

After the preparation of chitosan it is further proceed to it's characterization. The chatracterization process include fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) & scanning electron microscope.

In third phase the material that is prepared & characterize will be further use for a medical application like, wound dressing.

Benefits of the Project

• Chitosan has been widely used for different biological and biomedical applications recently due to its unique properties. For instance, it can be used in water treatment  wound-healing materials  pharmaceutical excipient or drug carrier  obesity treatment  and as a scaffold for tissue engineering and Cancer cell treatment , tumour cell .
•  Chitosan is used in dental cavities and   dental plaque and gum diseases  chewing gum containing chitosan and     mouth wash.
• Taking chitosan by mouth help the people of kidney failure and improve the physical strength appetite and sleep in people that are on hemodialysis.
• Chitosan is used in plastic surgery that are helpful in wound healing and reduce the scar formation and help nerve to grow back
• Treatment Prostate cancer tumour cell lung cancer and ovarian cancer by chitosan at the DDA of 98?.
• Advance research show  the chitosan is used for  peripheral nerve regeneration conduits at the DDA of 5 to 25% .and natural bone remodeling process.
• Chitosan with 50% of degree of deacetylation has proved to be the best for the usage of many applications.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The prepared chitosan will be further characterize using three different techniques as mention earlier, these techniques will alow us to completely be aware of the material chitosan . After succeeding getting all the knowledge we can use it in medical application(wound dressing).

The final product of our project will surely be optimised to perform well in it's respective manner.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemType of Industry Health Technologies Wearables and ImplantablesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate Action, Life Below WaterRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	68073
1. Steel container	Equipment	1	2000	2000
2. Gas stove	Equipment	1	1974	1974
3. Shrimp shells	Equipment	500	10	5000
4. Mixer grinder	Equipment	1	5599	5599
5. Sieve	Equipment	1	500	500
6. Filter papar	Equipment	20	100	2000
7. Air tight container	Equipment	1	1000	1000
8. Beakers	Equipment	5	1000	5000
9. Hydrochloric acid	Equipment	1	5000	5000
10. Sodium hydroxide	Equipment	1	6000	6000
11. Acetone	Equipment	1	2000	2000
12. Sodium hypochlorite	Equipment	1	5000	5000
13. Alcohol	Equipment	1	10000	10000
14. Distilled water	Equipment	1	2000	2000
15. Chitin powder	Equipment	1	15000	15000