Prediction based accident prevention system for vehicles

Project Title

Prediction based accident prevention system for vehicles

Project Area of Specialization RoboticsProject Summary

Road accidents are the common sight in everyday life. Many people die in these accidents. Causes of accidents vary in different causes. Human and economical losses are dense and road conditions are considered as fatal. Over speeding and over taking or driving with carelessness and not observing the regulations which are necessary to follow while driving are the major causes of the roadside accidents. Now a days in modern world autonomous cars have gained heavy interest of people. These cars are equipped with state of art technology and hence they have ability to decide or escape from the accidental conditions and it is achieved by making the cars self intelligent in such a way that they could get the status of their environment and assess it and could move accordingly. Now the world is growing towards the hand free driving. 

This project implements the idea of reduction in car crashes by employing different methods. 
Vehicle to Vehicle communication is adopted in this project which is being used to exchange the current status information of vehicle to the other vehicles which are near to it. V2V basically adopts the wireless protocol configured devices which are connected automatically when vehicles come near to each other in this order their speed and path history or predicted path is communicated to other vehicles. Global Positioning System(GPS)  is used to attain the coordinated of the vehicles.
Other major part of this project is development of 2D or 3D dimensional map of the surroundings of the vehicle so, the installed electronic control unit can decide the action or movement of vehicle according to its environment. This is done by LIDAR which is light detection and ranging. It is complex sensor which emits the infrared rays of light towards the next vehicle these radiations are bounced back from the target and then receiver receives the rays and they are assessed. The reflected rays make the map of object which is in surrounding of vehicle.
Other important part of this project is detection of mind waves. As mind condition of driver is checked and assessed contineously and in case of any condition which may prove fatal the drivers are alarmed. In order to get the objective the attention and meditation level of the driver is detected. While if meditation crosses the threshold value the driver is alarmed.

Project Objectives

The objective of this project is to develop & design the system which can be helpful efficiently in reducing the accidents along roadside. This project has following feature:

V-V communication capable of indicating the chances of accidents in vehicles. The vehicles communicate with each other continuously.  Mapping of surrounding let the vehicles be familiar with their environment, keeping the drivers focused and attentive while driving.

Project Implementation Method

Basically this project is implemented on prediction bases. Prediction involves the upcoming status of vehicles over roads. This project has three major parts which are following:

 Vehicle To Vehicle Communication
 Development of Maps Of Environment
 Detection of Mind Waves 

1.1.1   VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION

Vehicle to vehicle communication(V2V) is a method by which vehicles are set to exchange their current status with other nearby vehicles. V2V includes the current situation of vehicle such as its coordinates which are attained by the implementation of the Global Positioning System(GPS) and the speed of the vehicle. Coordinates from the GPS are used to check the path history of the vehicle which is likely to be possible in 300m range. On the basis of this data the transition in trajectory of the vehicle is

 manipulated as the predictive mean by which near future path of the vehicle is detected.
V2V actually relies on the wireless protocols. The devices for this purpose are configured on these protocols which enables the communication when the vehicles come near to each other the link setups automatically and the communication is started. V2V enable the vehicle to look around the in its surroundings.

1.1.2   DEVELOPMENT OF MAPS OF ENVIRONMENT

As the automotive industry is moving toward the driver less cars for this purpose cars needs to be much efficient for checking out their environment and the road conditions.
This project implement the LIDAR for development of map of the surrounding of vehicle. LIDAR is complex sensor and it emits the light rays of infrared or ultravoilet domain. These rays are emitted towards the next or beside vehicles or this mechanism can be adopted for 360 degree view of surroundings. These rays are reflected back from the target and receiver of sensor receives then they are assessed. 
The assessment of reflected rays have very helping results regarding the objective of developing the map of environment. These rays are manipulated to develop the map. Maps obtained are 2D or 3D. The efficiency of developed maps depend on the quality of sensor.

1.1.3  DETECTION OF MIND WAVES

Mostly accidents occur due to not observing the traffic rules, driving with no care or usual hangouts which cost much in terms of life loss of physical abnormality and economical loss. To avoid such cases when drivers undergo drowsiness or they feel sleepy or intentionally or unintentionally they get busy in enjoying drive and their their concentration from the driving is not appropriate. 
To overcome this hurdle this project implements the detection of mind condition of driver. As for checking out the mind condition the mind waves are detected which are responsible for the attention or meditation level of the mind. Both are assessed in the form of frequency values and the conditions are developed which are set as threshold and if meditation level is increased beyond the threshold value driver is alarmed or car is stopped automatically.

Benefits of the Project

• Overall traffic situation can be improved by the practical implementation of the V2V Communication.
• This project will lead the cars to use efficiently the current situation of roads and nearby vehicles for safe drive.
• Data collected from LIDAR and data of mind detected is used to control the drive of vehicle.
• This project has the capability to greatly reduce the ratio of accidents along roads.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The under process final year project named as "Prediction Based Accident prevention system" will be efficient and effective while the time of submission. The project is actually the software and hardware integration encapsulating the solutions of many problems related to vehicle movements. GPS as installed in every vehicle will be tracing the location and speed of that specific vehicle. The data acquitted from GPS is interchanged with nearby vehicles, so that these vehicles could adjust their speed and distance accordingly. ESP32 microcontroller is being used for the communication between the vehicles. This 32 bit microcontroller is configured over different protocols. Vehicle to Vehicle communication is done by interfacing GPS with esp32 and communicating the data.
As vehicles need to get familiar with their environments for handfree driving LIDAR is also introduced in the project. LIDAR checks out for the condition of vehicles which are nearby and it maps the object in surrounding of vehicle in which it is installed . The data acquitted from LIDAR is then sent esp32 which is programmed for the threshold values of data obtained from LIDAR so that speed and trajectory of vehicle could be adjusted.
The third aspect of this project is decision making on basis of human mind condition. Driver's mind condition is continuously under surveillance by dry mono electrode sensor called as NeuroSky. The attention and meditation level of mind of driver is checked out. As the reading go beyond the threshold value driver can be alarmed or steering wheel can also be vibrated. The final decision is acquired after proper analysis of data by esp32 obtained from NeuroSky.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemType of Industry Transportation Technologies Robotics, NeuroTechSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	39700
Mindwave mobile(NeuroSky)	Equipment	1	15000	15000
Esp32	Equipment	2	1050	2100
Ydlidar x4	Equipment	1	14000	14000
Gps module neo 6m	Equipment	2	1300	2600
Lcd display 5	Equipment	1	6000	6000