Power management for renewable based stand alone power system
A solar module used in our project. Solar panel get energy form sunlight and charge controller is used for battery charging as it control the charge and keeps the battery secure charging. Further DC voltage is converted into AC through inverter for operating AC load. The reaction between
Project Title
Power management for renewable based stand alone power system
Project Area of Specialization
Project Summary
A solar module used in our project. Solar panel get energy form sunlight and charge controller is used for battery charging as it control the charge and keeps the battery secure charging. Further DC voltage is converted into AC through inverter for operating AC load.
The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen can be used to generate electricity via a fuel cell. Such a cell was used in the Apollo space program and it served two different purposes . It was used as a fuel source as well as a source of drinking water (the water vapour produced from the cell, when condensed, was fit for human consumption).
The working of this fuel cell involved the passing of hydrogen and oxygen into a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide via carbon electrodes. The cell reaction can be written as follows:
Cathode Reaction: O2 + 2H2O + 4e– ? 4OH–
Anode Reaction: 2H2 + 4OH– ? 4H2O + 4e–
Net Cell Reaction: 2H2 + O2 ? 2H2O
However, the reaction rate of this electrochemical reaction is quite low. This issue is overcome with the help of a catalyst such as platinum or palladium. In order to increase the effective surface area, the catalyst is finely divided before being incorporated into the electrodes.
The concept of a step-down transformer is actually quite simple. The transfer has more turns of wire on the primary coil as compared to the turns on the secondary coil. This reduces the induced voltage running through the secondary coil, which ultimately reduces the output voltage. Most people think that as the voltage is reduced, the output power from the transformer will also be decreased, but that is not the case. According to the laws of physics, a drop in the voltage means that the current goes up.
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Project Objectives
The main goal is to utilize an integrated energy sources combined with different control and data monitoring technologies enabling a reliable design of energy management setup based on renewable sources. The objectives of this project includes the following:
1. Utilization of renewable energy sources: The project aims to shift the trend of electricity usage from main electric supply company (WAPDA) towards the local and in home generation of green, cost-effective, and renewable energy sources using solar panels and thier storage in fuel cell battery.
2. Uninterrupted power supply: For this purpose, we integrated three sources in this project namely, solar panel, dry fuel cell battery, and main electric supply from WAPDA. These three sources are channelized or controlled to provide no power interruption to the connected loads.
3. Priority of the sources is also very significant for the running loads. Therefore, we set the priority of sources in a way that highest priority is given to solar panel, followed by the fuel cell and then main electric supply.
4. The electricity production and consumption will be monitored and managed through specialized hardware and software solutions. The selection of switching from sources will depend upon priority embedded in Arduino where quick response will be carried out if load rating exceeds the rated limits of solar panel or fuel cell towards WAPDA.
5. Efficient design of Charge controller and Inverters: Charge controller manages the charging of fuel cell battery from solar panel. Effective charge controller manages the current flow from and to the batteries, preventing battery damage from overcharging and overdischarging. A relay driver IC circuit controls the switching of sources. Efficient inverter design isalso crucial in the reliable design since they converts the fluctuating DC output of a fuel cell into useable AC for connected loads. relay driver IC control the switching of source.Arduino is used for controlling. Efficient technique of making power supply more consistent. The Inverter that will act as a default source. Charge controller will manage the charging of battery which is given by the solar panel.
Project Implementation Method
This project helps in auto-switching of three different sources (Wapda, solar and fuel cell). This will provide no break in power supply.We are using step down transformer to step down voltages from 220V to 12V.Then we are using Rectifier Bridge or diodes to convert ac into dc power.After that we are using capacitors to reduce ripples from converted dc power. Then we are using three voltage sensors that will check the voltage from three different sources.We are using LCD that provides the voltages information in digital form.
Relays are also used that will help in switching of source and i2c converter is also used.
Benefits of the Project
This project can be very helpful for domestic users. As inherent can be made by including other sources such as wind-mill, tidal energy etc. In this way our system will be more dependable. We can control our system through the desired source depending on the availability.This is also a cheap way as we are using renewable energy source in this, so also economical.Our system can be implemented on large scale but can also be used for small scale level.It is good as compared to other system it meets energy requirements and gives emergency backup energy.
Technical Details of Final Deliverable
we are using two solar pannals of power rating 80 watts,a fuel cell is set on second priority.thloads which will give us backup of upto 8 hours .we also set priority on loads also.our loads demand is 70 watts.we have three loads of 30,20,20 watts.The final deliverable will be a automated switching powersystem. which will provide us no breakdown in the power.supply. the project will run according to priorities as we set.our first priority will be solar because it is free of cost renewable energy. then next priority will be fuel cell.and then last soruce we have is WAPDA..we have three loads .we also set priorities on the loads. AT the end, we have automated switching power system with three source.
| Sr.no | Modules | Specification/ details |
| 1 | Solar pannels | The rated terminal voltage of a 12 Volt solar panel is usually around 17.0 Volts, but through the use of a regulator, this voltage is reduced to around 13 to 15 voltage as required for battery charging. |
| 2 | Fuel cell | The most common fuel is hydrogen. A fuel cell work on electrolysis princple.1kg of hydrogen can produce 33 watts. Hydrogen fuel cells produce electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The hydrogen reacts with oxygen across an electrochemical cell similar to that of a battery to produce electricity, water, and small amounts of heat. |
| 3 | Arduino | AT Mega328 microcontroller is used. its specifications are:
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| 4 | Transformer | A single phase step down transformer is used.its specifications are:
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Final Deliverable of the Project
Core Industry
Other Industries
Core Technology
Other Technologies
Sustainable Development Goals
Required Resources
| Elapsed time in (days or weeks or month or quarter) since start of the project | Milestone | Deliverable |
|---|---|---|
| Month 1 | In 1st month of our project we worked on simulink model. | yes |
| Month 2 | In 2nd phase we worked on documentation and researched information for implementation of hardware. | yes |
| Month 3 | In 3rd phase we completed upto 60% of our hardware work. | yes |
| Month 4 | In 4th phase we will complete 100% work on hardware and thesis. | We will complete 100% work and thesis in May. |
| Month 5 | Implementation of power generation from renewable sources and integration of WAPDA supply with them | Hardware setup of solar panels, fuel cells and WAPDA |
| Month 6 | Implementing the sources selection priority based on load demand using load management algorithm, which works on available power at generated side of solar panel and fuel cell. | Hardware prototype of power management for renewable based stand alone power system |
| Month 7 | Implementing the sources selection priority based on load demand using load management algorithm, which works on available power at generated side of solar panel and fuel cell. | Hardware prototype of power management for renewable based stand alone power system |
| Month 8 | Testing the prototype for varying load conditions | Results in the form of load and power profiles of the system |
| Month 9 | Overall project design, Design and Results discussion, Conclusions and future enhancements | Prototype of the power management for renewable based stand alone power system, Report in the form of thesis |
| Month 10 | Overall project design, Design and Results discussion, Conclusions and future enhancements | Prototype of the power management for renewable based stand alone power system, Report in the form of thesis |
If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com
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