Power Factor Monitoring And Controlling Using ATMEGA Microcontroller indication through GSM

In the present technological revolution power is very precious  element..So ,we need to find out the causes of power loss and improve the power system. Due to industrialization the use of inductive load increases and hence power system losses its efficiency .So, we need to improve the power fac

Project Title

Power Factor Monitoring And Controlling Using ATMEGA Microcontroller indication through GSM

Project Area of Specialization

Artificial Intelligence

Project Summary

In the present technological revolution power is very precious  element..So ,we need to find out the causes of power loss and improve the power system. Due to industrialization the use of inductive load increases and hence power system losses its efficiency .So, we need to improve the power factor with suitable method. Whenever we are thinking about any programmable devices then the embedded technology comes into fore front .The embedded technology is now a days very much popular and most the product are developed with microcontroller based embedded technology .Automatic  power factor correction device reads power factor from line voltages and line current by determining the delay in the arrival of the current signal with respect to voltage signal from function generator with high accuracy by using an internal timer .This time values are then calibrated as phase angle and corresponding power factor .Then the values are displayed in the 2*16 LCD module .Then the mothered board calculates the compensation requirement and accordingly switches on different capacitor banks .This is developed by using microcontroller .Automatic power factor correction techniques can be applies to industries ,power systems and households to make them stable and due to that the system becomes stable and efficiency of the system as well as apparatus increases .The use of microcontroller redues  cost. Also using GSM gives a worldwide control over your system.Also we control load operation through GSM.GSM also send voltage,current,power factor,active power,reactive power ,total power ,number of load are connected or disconnected & which capcitor bank is connect.So we will controll industry through mobile and which will be big achievement.

Project Objectives

There are few objectives of this project, which is stated in the following texts:

1. To learn measure the power factor in the different environments.
2. we wanted to gain a better understanding of the reactive loads in the different environments. 
3. To learn the way of power factor correction in power systems.
4. To learn and identify methods to control capacitor banks
5. Identify one method of power factor correction with the low cost and practical.
6. To learn way of use of GSM module with microcontroller.
7. Transmission loss decreases.
8. Improved voltage Regulation
9. To provide an automatically controlled Power factor control unit that will bring the power factor to as near to unity as practical (typically 0.9) and have sufficient capacity for future PFC requirements or expansion.
10. To control industrial load operation using mobile .
11. Get all uptades of industrial operations e.g. power factor ,voltage,current e.t.c throug GSM on mobile phone at any time automatically.

Project Implementation Method

We use a P.T in parallel with load and a C.T in series with load.

Then give output of P.T & C.T to zero cross detector.Which change the sine wave into square wave.Output of zerocross detector is given to the internal timers of ATMEGA microcontroller when voltage wave comes timer starts and counts times until current wave comes.then time is divides by 1000 to convert into milli second.then we calculate power factor by

Angle=time/2pi

power factor =cos(angle)

then reactive power is calculated and from reactive power we calculate the capacitor value which has to be connected to bring power factor near unity.When value of capacitor bank is clculated then it send a signal to relay to turn on that capacitor bank On.We use transistor for switching of relay.

If we send a message of '' Lo'' then it turns on Lamp (resistive load).

If we send a message of '' Lf'' then it turns off Lamp (resistive load).

If we send a message of '' Mo'' then it turns on induction motor(inductive load).

If we send a message of '' Mf'' then it turns off induction motor(inductive load).

If we send a message of '' ST'' then it send status which includes

• Power Factor
• voltage
• Current
• Power
• Active Power
• Reactive Power
• Motor On/Off
• Lamp On/Off
• Capcitor Bank 1 On/Off
• Capcitor Bank 2 On/Off

Benefits of the Project

There are following benefits which we can get from this project.

1. Increase in efficiency of system and devices
2. Low Voltage Drop
3. Reduction in size of a conductor and cable which reduces cost of the Cooper
4. An Increase in available power
5. Line Losses (Copper Losses) I2R is reduced
6. Appropriate Size of Electrical Machines (Transformer, Generators etc)
7. Eliminate the fine( penalty) charge  from the Electric Supply Company due to less power factor
8. Low kWh (Kilo Watt per hour)
9. Saving in the power bill
10. Better usage of power system, lines and generators etc
11. Saving in energy as well as rating and the cost of the electrical devices and equipment is reduced 
12. Using microcontroller we can less the man power  used in industry. which will decrease expenditure of industry.
13. Embedded technology has high efficiency so we can increase efficiency of system and make it stable.
14. We control insustrial operations through GSM so we can control our industry from any where in the world through mobile.
15. Using GSM one can check uptades of industrial operations  automatically  from any where if you are busy.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Power Supply: 

•  Potential Transformer
•  Bridge Rectifier
•  Buck Converter
• smothing capacitor

Power factor Measurement  Circuit:

• Potential tranformer (220/12V)
• Current transformer
• lm358 (operational amplifier as zero cross detector)
• Resistors

Microcontroller:

• ATMEGA 328
• Crystal ocsillitor 
• LED
• Rset Button

 Relay Circuit:

• 5V DC ,5 pin Relay (5)
• NPN transisitor
• Diode
• LED

LOADS:

• Lamp 100W (resistive load)
• Induction Motor 1hp

Number of Capacitive Banks 3

GSM Module sim900a

This project works on 220V single phase line supply.It can improves power factor from 0.55 t0 .95.

ATMEGA microcontroller  monitor and controll power factor an connects capacitor banks according to requirement.It disconnects the capacitor banks when there is no need to improve power factor.We use C++ language for programming of ATMEGA microcontroller.We use ATMEL studio software for programming of ATMEGA microcontroller.We interface GSM module with ATMEGA microcontroller We use one extra microcontroller to interface with GSM sim900a

If we send a message of '' Lo'' then it turns on Lamp (resistive load).

If we send a message of '' Lf'' then it turns off Lamp (resistive load).

If we send a message of '' Mo'' then it turns on induction motor(inductive load).

If we send a message of '' Mf'' then it turns off induction motor(inductive load).

If we send a message of '' ST'' then it send status which includes

• Power Factor
• voltage
• Current
• Power
• Active Power
• Reactive Power
• Motor On/Off
• Lamp On/Off
• Capcitor Bank 1 On/Off
• Capcitor Bank 2 On/Off

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Type of Industry

Agriculture , Energy , Manufacturing

Technologies

Artificial Intelligence(AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Wearables and Implantables

Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Partnerships to achieve the Goal

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com