PLC controlled multistoried automated car parking system
With the increase in population density in bigger cities, the problem of space limitations for car parking is increasing. This project aims at the development of an automated multi-storied car parking system. The automation will be achieved through the implementation of PLCs because they are reliabl
2025-06-28 16:28:48 - Adil Khan
PLC controlled multistoried automated car parking system
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryWith the increase in population density in bigger cities, the problem of space limitations for car parking is increasing. This project aims at the development of an automated multi-storied car parking system. The automation will be achieved through the implementation of PLCs because they are reliable industrial controllers. It encompasses a lift design achieved through 3-axis linear motion using ball screw apparatus connected to 12V DC motors. For the purpose of actuating motors, relays (1.5 amps) are being used. The numbers of parking compartments are 6 involving motion along all the three axes. The whole system is programmed under ladder logic using the TIA portal.
Project Objectives- Development of a PLC program for the system.
- Design of 12V DC motor powering system using PLC
- Development of a mechanical lift system via 3-axis linear motion using ball screw apparatus connected to 12V DC motors
- Design and manufacturing of two-storey parking block.
A multi-story parking system controlled by the Siemens S7-1200 is to be designed. When a car is parked in the designated lifting spot, the PLC searches its memory for an empty slot in the multi-storied parking space. Once, a free parking spot is identified, the car is lifted using the lift mechanism as described below:
For motion in 2 Axis i.e., x and y axis, lead screw mechanism are used. For motion in z axis rack and pinion mechanism is used. For our project, we needed both analogue and digital outputs. Analog outputs are suitable for controlling a motor that requires slow deceleration without jerks. As the motor needs to lift and drop cars in parking spots, the motion must be smooth. Siemens S7-1200, 1215C has 2 analogue outputs, sufficient for our project.
Finally, the complexity of the program and the number of inputs/outputs will define the system you will need. It all boils down to the user's requirements, and for our use case, the S7-1200 controller is appropriate.
Through the collective motion on three axes, the automobile is parked in the allocated spot. When the sensors detect the presence of the automobile, they transmit a signal to the PLC. The PLC then generates the appropriate output. The automobile is subsequently driven to the assigned parking spot. When a car is parked, the sensors detect its existence and communicate the necessary information to the PLC. The PLC looks through the program, and if the requirements are met, the PLCS starts a timer. If the automobile is withdrawn, the sensor sends the relevant information to the PLC again.
fig 1 Design of parking compartment
fig 2 Siemens PLC S7-1200
fig 3 Project flow
A prototype setup for a automated car parking system that can be scaled up for comercialization.
An efficient and convenient system that can save space and time.
A modern and technology oriented solution
BS project
Technical Details of Final DeliverableThe final deliverable will be an experimental setup consisting of an automated car parking system. The hardware will be designed and assembled in the workshop. PLC, sensors and actuators will be mounted on the frame of the setup. Finally, a complete working setup will be delivered.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry TransportationOther IndustriesCore Technology RoboticsOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 25150 | |||
| 8x4 Lasani Sheet | Equipment | 1 | 2850 | 2850 |
| Lead Screws 8x500mm | Equipment | 2 | 1800 | 3600 |
| Coupler Shaft | Equipment | 2 | 1350 | 2700 |
| Screw converson nut | Equipment | 2 | 1200 | 2400 |
| Guiding rails 8x500mm | Equipment | 6 | 950 | 5700 |
| Mountig bearing 8mm | Equipment | 4 | 850 | 3400 |
| Miscellaneous | Miscellaneous | 3 | 1500 | 4500 |