PLC based load sharing of transformers

One of the essential factor that lay the foundation for social and economic growth of country is electrical energy. The government and the community have controversial feedbacks regarding the problem. According to some people it is due to the rapid growth of country and some contend that it has to d

Project Title

PLC based load sharing of transformers

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

One of the essential factor that lay the foundation for social and economic growth of country is electrical energy. The government and the community have controversial feedbacks regarding the problem. According to some people it is due to the rapid growth of country and some contend that it has to do with failure of aged transmission and distribution lines or power transformers [14]. The problems of overloading, voltage variations and heating effects are very common. For the repairing time of transformer is very large and required lot of money. The main task is to protect the transformer from overload condition. Because of the overloading the secondary winding gets overheated due to that is burn.  The load should be decrease for the transformer safety. This problem is overcome by connecting another transformer in parallel with the main transformer through relay [10]. Many people were suffering from electric power interruption in Ethiopia. In Dangila town there were many transformers which fail to operate [14]. A PLC is designed to check the overloading of first transformer and if this condition occurs be then, immediately the second transformer will be connected parallel to the main transformer and load is shared. Initially when the main switched ON the load that time load will be shared through the first transformer but when the load on first transformer suddenly increase above its reference value then immediately second transformer connected parallel with first transformer automatically through PLC by busing relay circuit [11].

Project Objectives

This research aims to undertake detailed study of transformer and protection of it from overload and underload condition. A PLC is designed to check the overloading of first transformer and if this condition occurs be then, immediately the second transformer will be connected parallel to the main transformer and load is shared.

• Fabricate a protection system of transformer.
• Proposing a system having 3 transformers in parallel to share the load automatically with the help of changeover relay and PLC circuit.
• To develop simulation model of PLC based load sharing of transformers.
• A detailed analysis of simulation model on different voltage levels.
• To design the ladder diagram and its loading into PLC.
• Finally, Designing the proposed prototype of Transformer with above approach.

Project Implementation Method

1. PROJECT RESEARCH:

Project specifications of the project as such selection of PLC, Relays, Transformers and CT’s according to system specifications

       2.  LITERATURE REVIEW:

Different research papers were reviewed for this research project to identify the gaps and the to identify the area in this research project where further work is required.

      3. PROTOTYPE:

The prototype development of the project will be done on the PLC by making a system having 3 transformers in parallel to share the load automatically.

     4. EVALUATION

The performance and safety of the project will be compared to the specifically designed microcontroller based load sharing for this purpose. The problem in implementing this automatic controller in Pakistan will also be analysed.

Benefits of the Project

Large scale industries such as chemical plants, pharmacy industries the banking sector, hospitals,colleges textile industries.

SAVING LABOR: The automation helps us in saving labor and energy.

SAVING TIME: For repairing we required much time but with automation time is saved.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The project is comprised on following stages:

Stage#1 In 1st stage source is applied to one transformer and remaining single phase transformers are connected in parallel.

Stage#2 In 2nd stage CT sense the voltage and send it to relay by converting it into corresponding DC value which compares it by the value set by the user.

Stage#3 In 3rd stage when voltage is increased above raed value the signal is send to relay through PLC after sensing high signal.

Stage#4 In 4th stage the load is shared by the transformer connected in parallel and CT will still sense the voltage if voltage decreases below the reference voltage then it will shut down the transformer which was connected with in case of overloading.

Stage#5 In the 5th stage if load is increase above the total ratings of all the transformers then load will be cut off from the main supply.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

Education , Health

Core Technology

Shared Economy

Other Technologies

Others

Sustainable Development Goals

Quality Education, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and Production

Required Resources

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