PLC based load management system at a consumer level
INTRODUCTION The power management project is to manage the power in various loads These loads are models for the different areas of the city. If the load in any area increases, then there is every chance that the power station may trip. Hence to avoid this from h
2025-06-28 16:34:30 - Adil Khan
PLC based load management system at a consumer level
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryINTRODUCTION
The power management project is to manage the power in various loads These loads are models for the different areas of the city. If the load in any area increases, then there is every chance that the power station may trip. Hence to avoid this from happening we have proposed a hardware-based circuit. When any one load increases then one of the loads that is connected out of many is disconnected. The priority of disconnecting is variable and can be changed from time to time. The current requirement of different load is different as the time varies. Hence according to that changing priority, we can assign different priority to different load. When the current in any one load increases then the total load on the generation process increases. The excess load may cause the power plant to trip. The cost involved for restarting a power plant is much more. So, when the load increases it is advisable to disconnect any one of the loads that are connected. This process is implemented in an automatic way in LOAD MANAGEMENT project. The process of disconnecting the loads is based on the priority that is provided by the computer. The priority of disconnecting the loads can be changed at any point.
Project ObjectivesObjective
- PLC is used to manage the overall load of a home network by limiting the power to home appliances. Hence, it reduces the gap between generation and demand.
- The load factor has been improved by proper management of load.
- The billing cost on consumer behalf decreases as peak and off-peak hour load has been managed with considering consumer ease.
Dynamic load management-which refers to selective shutoff or shut-down of systems components that are idle or underutilized-has proven to be a particularly effective technique for reducing power dissipation in such systems. Incorporating a dynamic power management scheme in the design of an already-complex system is difficult process that may require many designs. Finally, we compare the power consumed by all heater when shut on simultaneously and when shut on at different time-sharing mode for the same purpose. Load management is also one of the important constraints for industry as well as domestic use. This can also be possible by managing the power of various loads. When any one load increases then one of the loads that is connected out of many is disconnected, in this priority is assigned to various loads and with the help of hardware and relay logic we will try to manage the load automatically. The priority of disconnecting is variable and can be changed from time to time. The current requirement of different load is different as the time varies. Hence according to that changing priority, we can assign different priority to different load. When the current in any one load increases then the total load on the generation process increases. The excess load may cause the power plant to trip. The cost involved for restarting a power plant is much more. So, when the load increases it is advisable to disconnect any one of the loads that are connected. This process can be implemented in an automatic in this kind of project.
Benefits
- PLC is used to manage the overall load of a home network by limiting the power to home appliances. Hence, it reduces the gap between generation and demand.
- The load factor has been improved by proper management of load.
- The billing cost on consumer behalf decreases as peak and off-peak hour load has been managed with considering consumer ease.
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Reduced Space, Energy saving, Modular Replacement, Easy trouble shooting, Error diagnostics programmer, Economical, Greater life and reliability, The Compatibilities of PLC’S Logic Control, Operator control, Signaling and listing, Coordination and communication.
Software Details:
HMI
A Human-Machine Interface (HMI) is a user interface or dashboard that connects a person to a machine, system, or device. While the term can technically be applied to any screen that allows a user to interact with a device, HMI is most commonly used in the context of an industrial process.
Although HMI is the most common term for this technology, it is sometimes referred to as Man-Machine Interface (MMI), Operator Interface Terminal (OIT), Local Operator Interface (LOI), or Operator Terminal (OT). HMI and Graphical User Interface (GUI) are similar but not synonymous: GUIs are often leveraged within HMIs for visualization capabilities.
In industrial settings, HMIs can be used to:
- Visually display data
- Track production time, trends, and tags
- Oversee KPIs
- Monitor machine inputs and outputs
- And more
Similar to how you would interact with your air-conditioning system to check and control the temperature in your house, a plant-floor operator might use an HMI to check and control the temperature of an industrial water tank, or to see if a certain pump in the facility is currently running.
HMIs come in a variety of forms, from built-in screens on machines, to computer monitors, to tablets, but regardless of their format or which term you use to refer to them, their purpose is to provide insight into mechanical performance and progress.
Our project User Interface
Hardware Details
Programmable Logic Controller
A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) is an industrial computer control system that continuously monitors the state of input devices and makes decisions based upon a custom program to control the state of output devices.
Almost any production line, machine function, or process can be greatly enhanced using this type of control system. However, the biggest benefit in using a PLC is the ability to change and replicate the operation or process while collecting and communicating vital information.
Another advantage of a PLC system is that it is modular. That is, you can mix and match the types of Input and Output devices to best suit your application.
PLC Components
- Power supply.
- Input module.
- Output module.
- Processor (CPU)
- Rack or mounting assembly.
- Programming unit (software)
PLC Program Language
Ladder logic is a graphical programming language which means that instead of text, the programming is done by combining different graphic elements. These graphic elements are called symbols. One of the smart things about the ladder logic symbols is that they are made to look like electrical symbols.
Relay
A relay is an electromagnetic switch operated by a relatively small electric current that can turn on or off a much larger electric current. The heart of a relay is an electromagnet (a coil of wire that becomes a temporary magnet when electricity flows through it).
Block Diagram of our Project
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 65320 | |||
| PLC FATEK 14MA | Equipment | 1 | 12700 | 12700 |
| Weintek MT8071IP HMI | Equipment | 1 | 20800 | 20800 |
| TEC1-12706 Peltier Module | Equipment | 2 | 880 | 1760 |
| PLC Communication Cable HDMI | Equipment | 1 | 1050 | 1050 |
| Arduino UNO | Equipment | 1 | 850 | 850 |
| LM044L 20*4 LCD | Equipment | 1 | 550 | 550 |
| Electric Heater Rod | Equipment | 1 | 700 | 700 |
| DC Rechargeable Battery | Equipment | 1 | 1200 | 1200 |
| PCB Board | Equipment | 1 | 450 | 450 |
| Capacitors | Equipment | 9 | 60 | 540 |
| Resisitors | Equipment | 22 | 5 | 110 |
| Acrylic Sheet with cutting | Equipment | 1 | 850 | 850 |
| Hard Board | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Electric Bulbs | Equipment | 2 | 220 | 440 |
| Switch | Equipment | 2 | 30 | 60 |
| Socket | Equipment | 2 | 35 | 70 |
| PC 817 Opto Coupler IC | Equipment | 6 | 25 | 150 |
| Power Supply 12V 16.7 A | Equipment | 1 | 1250 | 1250 |
| Step Down Transformer | Equipment | 2 | 350 | 700 |
| ACS 712 Current Sensor | Equipment | 1 | 670 | 670 |
| LM 7805 Regulator | Equipment | 1 | 30 | 30 |
| Connecting wires | Equipment | 3 | 350 | 1050 |
| Finder relay 60.12.9.012.0040 | Equipment | 4 | 2100 | 8400 |
| LM35 Temperature Sensor | Equipment | 2 | 175 | 350 |
| Water Pump | Equipment | 1 | 650 | 650 |
| Diodes | Equipment | 8 | 15 | 120 |
| Data Sheets,Circuit Diagram Printing | Miscellaneous | 2 | 350 | 700 |
| Travel Expense | Miscellaneous | 4 | 2000 | 8000 |
| Highlighters, pen and led pencil | Miscellaneous | 3 | 40 | 120 |