PLC based Hybrid Automatic Generation Control
The present world relies on clean and continuous power supply, which means relying on Renewable supplies is more necessary than ever. Due to the inconsistency of power supplied by these methods ( i.e. Wind, solar power generation etc.), frequency variation par the required limit is obser
2025-06-28 16:34:30 - Adil Khan
PLC based Hybrid Automatic Generation Control
Project Area of Specialization Shared EconomyProject SummaryThe present world relies on clean and continuous power supply, which means relying on Renewable supplies is more necessary than ever. Due to the inconsistency of power supplied by these methods ( i.e. Wind, solar power generation etc.), frequency variation par the required limit is observed with reduction in the supply or with an immediate increase in the demand due to which power disruptions occur on a large scale. To solve this issue Hybrid Automatic Generation Control Schemes are adopted to carefully switch on alternate power resources to increase the supply when the demand increases or increase the supply when one power station is not providing the rated power to avoid frequency variation and thus a power shortfall.The Hybrid Renewable energy system is under research for utilizing alternate power resources to provide clean and continuous energy.
In this project this problem is being approached by implementing fore mentioned method by using different sensors and microcontrollers.
A new system is designed which will take the power source as an input and the load as a feedback to the microcontroller to tackle problems caused by instantaneous frequency and power variations.
To analyze current available Automatic Generation Control Systems.
To design and develop a control scheme based on microcontroller to counter the pitfalls of the currently available systems.
To simulate our design before implementation to get desired results.
To implement our system with available loads and sources
Firstly, information of the currently available control schemes related to Automatic Generation Control are collected and the theories of optimal control systems are studied.
Then, a novel system based on microcontroller is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the current system.
The proposed design will first be simulated through Proteus 8 Professional for greater accuracy and better performance of the given control scheme.
After simulation, design and physical implementation of the proposed control scheme is to be used with available sources and loads with the gathered simulation outcomes to communicate the results.
Benefits of the project are that this will enable people in the industrial sector to maintain there load in this loadshedding affected era in a cheap and less laborious way.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableThe proposed scheme is based on a microcontroller feedback system where acs712 (Current sensor) and zmpt10 (voltage sensor) sense the active current and voltage values and alternately active power calculation are performed inside the microcontroller. The entire system described is actually a digital metering system (incorporated with Automatic Switching System) which makes use of the PLC as an Automatic relaying device to turn alternate Power Sources ON/OFF at different load conditions.This scheme is different from the entire literature review as smart metering is implied here and instantaneous values of current and voltage (thus, active power) under a specified range are being measured to Automatically control the Power Supplies (turn it ON/OFF) by Automatic switching through software's and PLC. In addition to the different approach towards the AGC scheme, economic constraints are also kept in consideration to keep the project at a low cost.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 62621 | |||
| ACS712 | Equipment | 6 | 380 | 2280 |
| LCD | Equipment | 6 | 400 | 2400 |
| I2C MODULE | Equipment | 6 | 300 | 1800 |
| VEROBOARD | Equipment | 10 | 217 | 2170 |
| PLC | Equipment | 1 | 30000 | 30000 |
| MULTIMETER | Miscellaneous | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| PROGRAMMING WIRE | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| BATTERY | Equipment | 3 | 1957 | 5871 |
| VOLTAGE SENSOR | Equipment | 3 | 500 | 1500 |
| INVETER | Equipment | 3 | 3000 | 9000 |
| SOLDERING IRON | Miscellaneous | 2 | 300 | 600 |
| STRIPPER | Miscellaneous | 2 | 500 | 1000 |