Permanent Magnet Based Efficient Electric Generator

Project Title

Permanent Magnet Based Efficient Electric Generator

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

The energy sector is one of the major concerns for government of Pakistan. With rapid growth in population and greater demand of energy, efforts are being made to produce clean energy which, therefore, has advanced scientific research for efficient and environment friendly power generation systems. Relying on the research carried out so far, it is challenging to consider magnetism itself as an alternative source of green energy. Nevertheless, it could immensely help in improving the efficiencies of the renewables. In this project, we propose a solution in the field of clean power generation. A prototype will be designed using a couple of permanent magnets in the generator along with control circuitry. The internal forces of magnets, along with provision of external energy source, will be used to generate mechanical motion. Produced mechanical energy is converted to electrical form. Taking into account the desired load as an input parameter, the RPM of the generator will be maintained accordingly using the automated control system. The system will be able to provide continuous energy to an electrical load.

Project Objectives

The system objectives can be described as below:

• To convert magnetic compact energy in useful mechanical energy.
• To design and develop control system for accurate regauging of ring magnet and maintaining Revolutions Per Minute of the disc.
• To integrate Load frequency control in order to maintain frequency for desired output range of generator. 

Project Implementation Method

The system comprises a ring magnet on a circular disk with two bar magnets on the upper rod heading ring magnet. During its initial state, the ring magnet is lifted from one side, resulting in imbalanced forces between bar magnets and ring magnet. Due to continuous attraction from both sides, one by one, in a very accurate time interval, rod having 2 bar magnets will attain the potential energy and due to the force of gravity, this potential energy gets converted to kinetic energy and the process continues causing the rotational motion of the disk below ring magnet. Greater will be the magnitude of attractive forces; more significant is the speed of the ring. Ring magnet is regauged at accurate time intervals using an automated control system on the rod. The input mechanical power of the generator is used to control the frequency of output electric power and to support the power transfer as per the desired requirements. Hence variation in the load requirements causes an imbalance between real power, input, and output. The difference is overcome by the stored compact energy and rotating parts of the sequence. 

The block diagram for proposed system is illustrated in Figure 1 below. 

                                                 

                                                                                                Figure 1:  Block diagram of the system

The procedure for modelling permanent magnet based efficient generator gets covered in three phases. First phase is selection of component on the basis of their demand in hardware circuit.  Second phase includes mechanical system design and its adjustment according to regauging of system. Load frequency adjustment of system is also covered is this phase. Third phase includes interfacing of software and hardware for integrated system model.

                                                                                                                                          

   Figure 2 given below is illustrating mechanical model of the system

                                                                            

                                                                                                    Figure 2: System Model 

Benefits of the Project

The project will contribute in the field of the renewable energy sector.  Targeting the major issue of the energy crisis, the primary goal of the study is to generate power more effectively, therefore assisting the electricity sector to produce restrained toxic emissions and help reduce the adverse effects on climate. The environment-friendly package is to propose to help not to rely on fossil fuels (Non-renewable). The project we have proposed to design and develop is an electric generator using permanent magnets, utilizing their stored compact energy in the production of mechanical energy and then its conversion in electricity. The system can be a suitable replacement over the other conventional and traditional sources. Its environment-friendly and cost-effective nature, along with its self-sufficiency concerning temperature and weather conditions, has insisted us to think over it. With each passing day, the demand for energy is continuously rising. Efficiencies of conventional systems and the intermittent nature of renewables have instigated researchers to think of other generation units. Climate change due to excessive fossil fuel combustion is one of the most significant threats for health and the future of life on earth. Magnets have strong forces and can stay magnetized for many years. Permanent magnets are already being used in energy generation due to their stability and property of the induced magnetic fields. Continuing the efforts that have been made by industries and researchers, our proposed project could be proved as a substitute for other conventional systems. The majority of the generated power in the world is dependent on electromagnets, which works on the principle of faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Thus interests in free generation have emerged over the last years. Free energy is just a misconception, or it is just a name. In fact, there as some energy source at the backend, which is converted into electricity. The examples of electricity generated from renewable energy resources such as wind, solar, and tidal may be claimed free. Produced energy can only be declared free if we keep in view the point that after spending some initial costs we don't have to pay for their running costs.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

A final prototype will be delivered on the succesful completion of this project. Technical features of the proposed prototype include as followeds:

• Control circuitry for accurate regauaging, using small DC supply. 
•  Revolutions per Minute of mechanical system (250 approximately) 
• Designing system gear mechanism for mechanical advantage. 
• Power rating of generated output 
• Load frequency control system for variable electric load, checking the difference between change in power tie line with respect to change in frequency. That error is given as a command to valve control mechanism for controlling input to the reguaging process, which in turns control the speed of generator in result controlling power and frequency as per load demand making it flexible for the desired load. 
• LFC design will be implemented using integration of input provided through magnets and battery. 
• Type of power generated.
•  Finalised prototype of our final year project will be at smaller scale and will be able to generate approx 5 Watts power.

Figure 3 below shows technical block diagram for system, as explained above.

                                                                                      

                                                                                        Figure 3 : Diagram showing technical blocks

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other IndustriesCore Technology Clean TechOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate ActionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	45000
Mechanical Platform	Equipment	1	8000	8000
Micro controller	Equipment	4	1000	4000
Sensors and actuators	Equipment	1	5000	5000
Magnets	Equipment	3	3000	9000
Generation set	Equipment	1	5000	5000
Gear System	Equipment	1	4000	4000
Other services	Miscellaneous	1	10000	10000