Pedograph

Project Title

Pedograph

Project Area of Specialization Biomedical EngineeringProject Summary

ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE ASSISTED FOOT SCAN SYSTEM FOR DIABETIC PATEINTS: (OPTICAL PEDOGRAPH)

SATIFY THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 3 "HEALTH AND WELLBEING"

The IDF diabetes atlas in their tenth edition stated that 537 million adults are positive to diabetes mellitus and the growth is expected to rise to 643 million by 2030[[i]]. One the most discomforting complication of diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot [[ii]] a foot that is affected by ulceration related with neuropathy or peripheral arterial disease or foot deformity in a patient with diabetes.[[iii]] the severity of the foot infections, ulcers can lead to an amputation[[iv]].Hence, their static and dynamic measure may deviates from that of a normal individual. The first technique was described by Harris and Beath in 1947 it was a basic ink impression procedure. Later, the technique; Pedographic instrumentation was introduced. It is based on 2 method optical sensor and pressure matrix. The matrix measurement method in which electromechanical sensors are sorted out in a matrix array measuring the pressure points on the region of interest.[v] However, it acquire low accuracy when the objective is to attain results in cost effective aspect.[vi]

The proficient technique for foot pressure estimation is optical sensor based foot mechanism developed by Chodera in 1957.[vi][vii] The optical foot scanning system found as a highly accurate and cost effective method. The raw images of the footprint collected by the digital camera which further processed using the algorithms and filters to get the actual results. The Deep Neural Network (DNN) is applied for decision making. [vi]

[i] Diabetes facts & figureshttps://idf.org/aboutdiabetes/what-is-diabetes/facts-figures.html  [3 march 2022]

[ii] Amin N, Doupis J. Diabetic foot disease: from the evaluation of the “foot at risk” to the novel diabetic ulcer treatment modalities. World journal of diabetes. 2016 Apr 10;7(7):153.

[iii] Alexiadou K, Doupis J. Management of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Therapy. 2012 Dec;3(1):1-5.

[iv] Armstrong DG, Boulton AJ, Bus SA. Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017 Jun 15;376(24):2367-75.

[v] The Accuracy and Reliability of Plantar Pressure Measurements for the Early Diagnosis of Foot Deformities in Patients Suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis Warren Miner-Williams Auckland University of Technology, AUT North Shore Campus, 90 Akoranga Drive, Northcote, Auckland, 0627 New Zealand

[vi]Footprint Pressure-Based Personal Recognition Tanapon Keatsamarn, Sarinporn Visitsattapongse, and Chuchart Pintavirooj Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand

[vii] Calibration of optical foot pressure systems C. I. Franks Information Technology Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield $10 2JF, UK

Project Objectives

An early clinician decision support for detecting abnormal load patterns in diabetic patients early. The goal for diabetic health care providers is to prevent ulceration and amputations in the diabetic patients.

The objective of this project is to represent pedograph as a new diagnostic and rehabilitation technique in Pakistan where it will diagnose the high pressure points using AI as AI has the potential to enhance both the availability of healthcare and the quality of that treatment, it helps the clinician in diagnosis, therapeutic decisions and prediction. The end product is to distribute the spread of pressure away from highly pressure areas of the foot by manufacturing special insoles for the diabetic foot to wear.

Project Implementation Method

FLOW CHART FOR IMPLEMENTATION:

• The main sensor unit uses an optical technique to create an image of light intensities proportional to the pressure imposed at individual places.
• This unit is to be fitted within a suitably elevated platform, to be at the same level as the top of the sensor unit.
• Placement of feet should be done correctly.
• region of interest for diabetic foot are Hallux, metatarsal heads and heel 
• Images reflecting the distribution of foot pressure under the sole are formed in the unit and transmitted to a microprocessor, a person stands or walks inside the sensor region.
• data is collected and filteration is todbe done to remove unwanted region.
• Software analyses these photos in the computer to provide colour contour images of the pressure distribution beneath the foot. and AI algorithm is used for teasting and decison.

DESIGNING OF THE DEVICE:

OPTICAL SENSOR MECHANISM IS BEING USED

Benefits of the Project

Inexpensive & reliable
Precise result
Userfriendly
Long operating life
Diagnose possible ulcer areas (early detection)
Surgical assessments ( pre/post)
Load bearing after incision
Degree of pronation and supination
Orthotic profiency

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

• HARDWARE:
• Metal frame
• Acrylic sheet 12mm (for approx. 100kg)
• Black sheet
• Light source (LEDs)
• 2Webcams (30fps)
• Microcontroller (Arduino)
• SOFTWARE:
• MATLAB for image processing

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry MedicalOther Industries Health Core Technology Artificial Intelligence(AI)Other Technologies 3D/4D Printing, Wearables and ImplantablesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for PeopleRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	78500
metal frame	Equipment	2	12000	24000
acrylic sheet 12 mm	Equipment	2	12000	24000
blacksheet	Equipment	2	1200	2400
strip LEDs with supply	Equipment	4	450	1800
webcam 30 fps	Equipment	4	3500	14000
Arduino	Equipment	2	1200	2400
spray paint	Miscellaneous	3	300	900
printing and binding	Miscellaneous	1	5000	5000
wood	Miscellaneous	1	1500	1500
stationary and tools	Miscellaneous	1	2500	2500