Non Essential Load Management

Project Title

Non Essential Load Management

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Electrical power is the basic demand for the development of the state. The commercial and domestic structures require an uninterrupted power supply from service providers. However, a smart load managment technolgies are required to deal with huge deficit of power generation.

The addition of power generation to the existing system requires long term planing and huge investment to mange uninterupted consumer demand.

Therefore, using modern technologies as an element of the smart grid would facilitate the service providers to monitor and control the non-essential loads on the user side. We will be using Wi-Fi technology, Radiofrequency technique, and ZigBee as a scheme to monitor and control the non-essential loads of consumers.

Picture of Power system showing essential and non essential loads.

Project Objectives

Our project aims at achieving the following goals:

1. To design a scheme for service providers to monitor and control non-essential loads of consumers using modern technologies.
   1. Wi-Fi
   2. Radiofrequency
   3. Zigbee
2. Comparative analysis and identification of the weaknesses of wireless technologies.
3. To implement a wireless controlling and monitoring system with low cost and increased reliability.

Project Implementation Method

To make this project possible, we plan to do the following activities:

1. Communication process:
   • A First we will demonstrate Arduino code which will communicate through a different communication channel.
   • To design a different communication system by using different techniques.
   • Our main technology for communication are Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Radiofrequency, and Zigbee.  
2. Hardware connections:
   • A different types of load will be attached with a magnetic contactor.
   • Relay for controlling non-essential load 
   • CTs and PTs will be placed.
   • Communication channel above discussed.
   • Microcontroller
3. Design and development of an app that shows the behavior of load in terms of voltage, current, and power. Through this app we shall monitor and analyze the power demand with the help of CTs and PTs and microcontroller which continuously varies according to load. Then we take an action according to the requirement of our generator generation by managing Non-Essential load.
4. Analyze the data collected from the prototype to predict the future power generation capacity by managing non-essential load.

Figure 1. Methodology

Figure 2. Flow Chart

Figure 2. Shows that in case the demand from utility side exceeds the defined limit the system will manage non essential loads. Non essential loads are categorized into three parts. One of them is high priority. High priority defines that least essential loads of user. Then in case the power system could not attain the normal state, our proposed scheme shall now manage the medium priority loads and then low priority.

Benefits of the Project

The following are the major benefits of this project:

1. Service providers can easily monitor and control non-essential loads wirelessly.
2. The proposed prototype lessens the human intervention to monitor and control non-essential loads. Loads can be isolated using modern technologies.
3. Energy is saved by controlling the non-essential loads of consumers.
4. Complexity level of the power system is minimized
5. Reduction in tariff generated to the consumer.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Technical deliverables are shown in figure 1..

Firstly, we can monitor and analyze the voltage and current on the web app.

There are four type of loads. 

1. Industrial

2. Agriculture

3.commercial 

4. Domestic 

When we face extra loading then we shall manage non essential load according to the priority level.

Our first priority to is domestic, commercial, agriculture and industrial respectively. 

Load is attached with CT,PT to give proper information of voltage and current value which can be monitored on web app.

If any value increase to reference value then microcontroller will give command to relay through communication medium.

And relay will operate magnetic contactor by opening and closing contacts.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Telecommunication Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Shared EconomySustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and CommunitiesRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	64055
Arduino Uno	Equipment	2	1850	3700
ESP-32	Equipment	3	1000	3000
Zigbee 2mw-Wire-Antenna-Series-2	Equipment	2	4000	8000
Xbee-Adapter-Module	Equipment	2	800	1600
Wi-fi Module	Equipment	2	500	1000
Bluetooth module	Equipment	1	300	300
Arduino 4 Channel Relay Module	Equipment	1	600	600
5A Range AC Current Sensor Module	Equipment	4	600	2400
10A Range AC Current Sensor Module	Equipment	4	500	2000
20A Range AC Current Sensor Module	Equipment	4	250	1000
30A Range AC Current Sensor Module	Equipment	4	400	1600
Voltage/Potential Transformer	Equipment	5	500	2500
Magnetic Contactor	Equipment	4	1050	4200
Capacitor 10uF, 1000pF	Equipment	4	10	40
Connecting Wires	Equipment	10	100	1000
Male-Female & Male-Male Connectors	Equipment	40	4	160
RF-Decoder IC HT12D 18 Pin Dip	Equipment	2	300	600
RF-Encoder IC HT12E 18 Pin Dip	Equipment	2	300	600
433Mhz RF Transmitter Receiver Module	Equipment	2	500	1000
Electrical heating load	Equipment	3	2000	6000
Yamaha YP20G Water Pump motor	Equipment	1	18000	18000
Scissors	Miscellaneous	1	155	155
Pair of Safety Gloves	Miscellaneous	2	550	1100
Insulation Tape	Miscellaneous	1	100	100
Wire cutter	Miscellaneous	1	500	500
Nose plier	Miscellaneous	1	900	900
Screwdriver Ratchet Hand Tools (kit)	Miscellaneous	1	1000	1000
Breadboard	Miscellaneous	4	250	1000