Multi functional modular intelligent load management system
Pakistan is facing a severe electricity crisis, National electrification rate is 73%. So there is power shortage and cut-off. To overcome this problem people are using UPS and Generators for backup.Current UPS and Generators provides poor load management and fails to provide effective battery perfor
2025-06-28 16:34:12 - Adil Khan
Multi functional modular intelligent load management system
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryPakistan is facing a severe electricity crisis, National electrification rate is 73%. So there is power shortage and cut-off. To overcome this problem people are using UPS and Generators for backup.Current UPS and Generators provides poor load management and fails to provide effective battery performance. Conventional UPS does not provide Load Management System hence UPS cannot provide backup for greater time.
Project ObjectivesOur objective is to design a power solution system which will turn OFF the unnecessary loads one by one and save the power for priority based load and keep it ON.
Project Implementation MethodOur project is a two part system. one is Load-management and the other is relay control module. both these modules are integrated to make a single unit which will be a multi-functional module that can be implemented to UPS rated (0.75-1KVA). the output from UPS is input to our module which will then control the outputs connected to our loads.
Benefits of the ProjectLoad Management on Priority base for UPS (750-1200W)
Live Output Monitoring for UPS/Generator (Voltage)
Switching Load in case of load exceeding to keep Generator from Tripping
Technical Details of Final DeliverableIn Load Management system: Current transformer is used to measure current from battery. It is then passed on to bridge rectifier to make it a positive signal. Now this is our current control signal and we set out threshold signal based on current from input. Now these two signals are passed through 2x1 MUX to make it a single signal which is passed through ADC0804 to make a DC signal. Potentiometer is used to make sure this signal does not exceed 4.5V which is then send to AT80052 Microcontroller. Now based on the difference of these two signals Microcontroller will decide which loads to turn ON and OFF. Sending these signals through optocoupler and npn transistors to Relays to ensure if back emf is generated then it does not damage our Microcontroller. These relays are fast switching relays so out loads cannot be attached to it directly. Now these relays are attached to our Power relays in RELAY CONTROL MODULE which are then connected to loads respectively.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other IndustriesCore Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 25928 | |||
| AT89C52 Microcontroller | Equipment | 1 | 460 | 460 |
| UL2808 Precision Current Transformer | Equipment | 1 | 2355 | 2355 |
| Potential Transformer | Equipment | 1 | 785 | 785 |
| 74HC157 Multiplexer IC | Equipment | 1 | 180 | 180 |
| ADC0804 8-bit Converter | Equipment | 1 | 490 | 490 |
| HRSS 12V Relays | Equipment | 4 | 65 | 260 |
| Optocoupler 4N35 | Equipment | 1 | 88 | 88 |
| Res pack | Equipment | 3 | 60 | 180 |
| 16x2 LED DISPLAY | Equipment | 1 | 320 | 320 |
| Battery 12V DC | Miscellaneous | 2 | 60 | 120 |
| RC Oscillator | Equipment | 1 | 30 | 30 |
| Crystal Oscillator | Miscellaneous | 1 | 100 | 100 |
| Capacitors | Equipment | 7 | 20 | 140 |
| Diodes | Equipment | 12 | 25 | 300 |
| LEDS | Miscellaneous | 4 | 10 | 40 |
| Fuse | Miscellaneous | 1 | 50 | 50 |
| MOSFETS | Equipment | 8 | 40 | 320 |
| Voltage Regulator 5V | Equipment | 2 | 165 | 330 |
| SPDT Relays | Equipment | 4 | 90 | 360 |
| Single Phase Transformer | Equipment | 1 | 680 | 680 |
| CD4047 | Equipment | 1 | 1660 | 1660 |
| PIC 16f877 Microcontroller | Equipment | 1 | 780 | 780 |
| Wires | Miscellaneous | 1 | 550 | 550 |
| PCB Board | Equipment | 1 | 1600 | 1600 |
| Printouts | Miscellaneous | 5 | 50 | 250 |
| Battery | Equipment | 1 | 9000 | 9000 |
| Inverter circuit | Equipment | 1 | 4500 | 4500 |