Modeling and Performance Investigation of Power Quality due to integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Stations on Power System
As a measure to tackle the growing energy demand as well as climate change, 21st century has witnessed the perception of e mobility and architype alteration from conventional Combustion engine vehicles to Electric Vehicles (EVs). But the increasing number of EVs is a foremost threat to the power dis
2025-06-28 16:28:36 - Adil Khan
Modeling and Performance Investigation of Power Quality due to integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Stations on Power System
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryAs a measure to tackle the growing energy demand as well as climate change, 21st century has witnessed the perception of e mobility and architype alteration from conventional Combustion engine vehicles to Electric Vehicles (EVs). But the increasing number of EVs is a foremost threat to the power distribution network. The upsurge in the demand of power required for charging EVs may hamper the smooth performance of the power transmission network. In order to guarantee safe and steady performance of the power transmission network it is essential to analyze the impact of EV charging stations on the power grid regarding the analysis of the Power Quality (PQ).
Nonlinear loads, such as EV chargers, will often introduce Power Quality (PQ) issues within distribution circuits, which can have detrimental effects on system components. PQ encompasses several specific concepts such as harmonic distortion, DC offset, phase imbalance, and voltage deviations, among others, and these are quantified in myriad ways. For this study, we focus on harmonic currents since these have the potential to affect the lifetime of magnetic assets such as distribution transformers and instrument transformer.
For the analysis of the Power Quality (PQ) modeling of the Power Transmission system i.e. IEEE Test Bus systems (IEEE 9 & IEEE 39 bus system) and the integration of Electric Vehicle charging station of different location (Buses) to observe the PQ of the overall Power System. This will give us a precise detail about the PQ of the system and eventually a harmonic mitigation system will be proposed according to the output of the system. These Modeling and analysis will firstly be seen in Software simulations then a proposed prototype will be designed to see the effect in real time.
Project ObjectivesPower quality (PQ) is a measure of the fitness of electrical power from the utility to the electrical customer. Low PQ is of concern because it can cause variations in voltage magnitude, issues with continuity of service from utilities, and transient voltages and currents. Harmonic distortion is a primary culprit in the causation of reduced power quality.
Our project is focused on investigating three hypotheses. One, we hypothesized that, because Electric Vehicle (EV) charge controllers are nonlinear loads and because EVs demand a large amount of power, the Power Quality issues presented by EV charging could have an impact on distribution feeders. Two, we also hypothesized that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the current drawn by an EV charge controller would change as a function of time as the charge controller moved through various phases of the charging cycle. And third, we hypothesized that the cumulative effects of multiple charge controllers on the same Bus would result in distortion greater than that of any one charge controller, thereby setting an upper bound on the maximum number of EV charging stations that could be connected to a single feeder.
Based on our Hypothesized, software-based modeling of the Power system i.e. IEEE Test Bus systems (IEEE 9 & IEEE 39 bus system) and the integration of Electric Vehicle charging station on different location (Buses) under different battery State of Charge to observe the PQ of the overall Power System. This will give us a precise detail about the PQ of the system and eventually a harmonic mitigation system will be proposed according to the output of the system to reduce the harmonics present due to the nonlinear loading. These Modeling and analysis will firstly be observed in Software simulations then a proposed prototype will be designed to witness the effect in real time.
Project Implementation MethodThe project implementation is divided into 2 parts i.e.Software Simulations and Hardware prototype implementation. Firstly, in the software Simulation phase consisting of the modeling of two Power Systems i.e.IEEE 9 bus system and IEEE 39 bus system and then a suitable Electric Vehicle battery charger will be integrated on different buses to the Power systems to see the effect of the Power System under the charging of the electric vehicle batteries with different State of Charge. After the modeling and the integration, analysis will be done regarding Power Quality which eventually will help us in designing a mitigation filter to reduce the harmonics in the power system.
Secondly comes the hardware prototype implementation phase where we will implement a complete model of a low voltage Power system i.e.IEEE 9 bus system and integration of battery chargers with bateries on different buses to analyze the Power Qaulity of the power system. This model will show a complete power flow details of the power system and a real time behaviour of a power system is observed.
Benefits of the ProjectThe increase in load due to establishment of charging stations is indeed a big threat to the security of power grid. Improper planning of EV charging stations will hamper the smooth operation of the power system.These harmonics are dangerous for Grid transformers, Insulation Cables, Power factor improving capacitor banks and many more grid elements. Thus, the operating parameters of the power network must be considered while planning the charging infrastructure for power system.
The analysis and the investigation of this project will benefit in designing a proper EV charging infrastructure with suitable harmonic mitigation that will reduce the harmonics that disturbing the Power Quality of the power system.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableProfile Detail of the Power Quality of Integrated Electric Vehicle charging station on the power systems.
A low voltage similiar prototype of IEEE 9 bus system will be constructed where integration of charging stations with batteries with a proper harmonics mitigation filter will be used on different location a power system. This will eventually concludes the Software simulation regrading the power quality and its improvements will be kept in the observation.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Energy Core Technology Clean TechOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 70840 | |||
| Arduino Due | Equipment | 1 | 5450 | 5450 |
| Step Up Transformers | Equipment | 3 | 2500 | 7500 |
| Step Down Transformer | Equipment | 5 | 1500 | 7500 |
| PZEM 004T | Equipment | 5 | 2500 | 12500 |
| Batteries | Equipment | 5 | 1650 | 8250 |
| Power Diodes, Resistors, Inductors, Capacitors | Equipment | 32 | 355 | 11360 |
| Power system PCB Printing and fabrication | Equipment | 1 | 3500 | 3500 |
| Charger PCB Printing and fabrication | Equipment | 5 | 1000 | 5000 |
| 10A Switches | Equipment | 6 | 60 | 360 |
| Electromechanical Relays | Equipment | 15 | 120 | 1800 |
| light Bulbs 35w as loads | Equipment | 5 | 600 | 3000 |
| Power Transistors | Equipment | 9 | 180 | 1620 |
| LED Displays | Equipment | 2 | 500 | 1000 |
| Wooden Board | Miscellaneous | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |