MICRO GRID SYSTEM PROTOTYPE WITH DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES AND BATTERY STORAGE

World has been relying on thermal power generation for till now. Due to bad environmental impacts of conventional power generation methods using fossil fuels and the continuous degradation of fossil fuel resources in the world, world is switching towards Renewable Energy Sources. Also the concepts o

Project Title

MICRO GRID SYSTEM PROTOTYPE WITH DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES AND BATTERY STORAGE

Project Area of Specialization

Artificial Intelligence

Project Summary

World has been relying on thermal power generation for till now. Due to bad environmental impacts of conventional power generation methods using fossil fuels and the continuous degradation of fossil fuel resources in the world, world is switching towards Renewable Energy Sources. Also the concepts of Distributed Generation are getting popular with renewable resources. The Smart Grids technology can support integrating renewable energy resources in future power systems. Also they provide active control and management.

A micro grid enables us to do this on distribution side, in which there is/are renewable energy sources, integrated with power system at distribution voltage level. An important component of micro grid are power electronic interfaces, and there is a lot of literature and developments in this area. Various aspects of micro grid have been inspected including control, energy management, reliability, security and protection.

We want to implement a basic archetype model of a micro grid, which will consist of multiple solar panels and storage batteries and these two power sources will be integrated with utility grid through power electronic interfaces. A reliable power system will be implemented in this system which will minimize the use of power from utility grid and reduce the load on utility grid. Battery life time and usage will be optimizing. In this way a reliable and secure micro grid will be established. Also, the concept of Demand Side Management will be Implemented. An intelligent power quality control algorithm will be used implementing fuzzy logic and AI. So an intelligent grid management system will be established in this way, which will be model for further study and research on this area and other features of smart grids can also be integrated with this system.

Project Objectives

1. Development of a power system with smart
generation, automated distribution.

2.Development of Micro grid prototype for further study and analysis.

3. Reliable production of clean and green energy.

4. Power quality control using Artificial lntelligence.

5. Low cost energy production for cosumers.

 

Project Implementation Method

Solar Tracking:

First of all Analogue Voltage is developed via LDRs on fixed resistors depending upon the
position of the Light Source. This voltage being in the range on 0-5V is fed to peripherals
of the microcontroller. Using Analogue to digital conversion in the controller these
analogue voltages are converted to digital values. These values corresponding to Pointer
LDRs (top, bottom, left , right) are compared, if they differ no more than the threshold,
the pointer is locked with the source. But if they differ more than the threshold, the
motor is rotated towards greater voltage LDR side. Motor is rotated simply by applying
a potential difference of 12V across its two terminals via L293D Driver that amplifies
the Controller signal. If we want to reverse the direction of rotation the voltage applied
across the motor terminals is reversed.

DC to DC conversion using Cuk Convertor:

The ?uk converter is a type of DC/DC converter that has an output voltage magnitude that is either greater than or less than the input voltage magnitude.

Duty cycle is adjusted to maintain a fixed voltage at output of convertor to charge the batteries.Therefore, output voltage is fed back to controller to increase or decrease the duty cycle of the pulse dpending upon whether the output voltage is less than or greater than the desired charging voltage respectively.

DC to AC conversion using single phase multilevel invertor:

Since the batteries charged by Solar panels through MPPT Cuk converter have 24V
therefore in order to have 220V RMS and 50 Hz frequency, this 24V needs to be enhanced to 300V DC first and then through inverter 220V RMS AC of 50Hz is obtained.
The 24V from batteries is enhanced by switching action at very high frequency using multilevel invertor technique. High frequency ferrite core chopper transformer will be used. At the center tap terminal of the primary of the transformer, 24V DC from batteries will be connected . Switching will be done through MOSFETS and Pulse for switching will be provided from micro controller. A high frequency boosted voltage of 300V peak DC will produced from high frequency transformer in this way.

This 300V DC will be used for DC load as well as it will be converted to 220V AC through a invertor.

 

 

Benefits of the Project

1. The Micro Grids can support the integration of Renewable energy resources in existing  power systems.

2. Micro Grids can operate in both grid and off grid mode.

3. Provides technology to uttlize renewable energy resources and distributed energy resources in an eficient and econimical way.

4. Utilizes the concept of Clean and Green energy

5. Reduction in transmission losses with the implementation of Distributed Generation
 

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

1. Micro grid prototype hardware.
2. DER control implementation under different scenarios
3. Implementation and control of battery storage system with DER
4. Design of single phase multi level invertor
5. Development of Algorithm for coordinated control of micro grid

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Type of Industry

Energy

Technologies

Others

Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and Clean Energy

Required Resources

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