Lithium ion battery and super capacitor fast charging hybrid system for electrical vehicle
The embedded energy storage system is one of the reasons which prevent the mass marketing of the electric vehicles. With the development of the hybrid and electric vehicles, the heart of the vehicle has moved from the engine to the battery. Different technologies of battery have been considered and
2025-06-28 16:28:30 - Adil Khan
Lithium ion battery and super capacitor fast charging hybrid system for electrical vehicle
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryThe embedded energy storage system is one of the reasons which prevent the mass marketing of the electric vehicles. With the development of the hybrid and electric vehicles, the heart of the vehicle has moved from the engine to the battery. Different technologies of battery have been considered and developed for electric and hybrid vehicles over the last thirty years. We can found among these technologies: lead-acid, nickel metal hydride, lithium-ion, lithium polymer, and sodium nickel metal chloride. Actually, the batteries manufactured for the electric vehicles must ensure some criteria: long lifetime, low cost, small size, light weight with a good autonomy. Nowadays, the car manufacturers use the lithium-ion battery to supply the vehicles. These technologies of battery are more performed (highest specific power and energy, good lifetime) compared with lead-acid and Ni-MH batteries. Time is the most important thing in this world which we know and also we understand if we reduced the charging time of battery that saves a lot of time to charges it and this will be the one of the latest technologies which will start to come in the market in the next further years.so fast charger the li-ion battery is useful in hybrid energy sources because of number of factors. The use of the li-ion with high stresses influence directly the lifetime of this technology. For that, this component is increasingly associated with super capacitors to improve the characteristics of the new energy storage system. Super capacitors are a promising option for short-term high power applications due to its very fast power response, high power density, and high cycling capability. A hybridization of a battery with super capacitor can improve the energy. Storage system to provide a high power density while increasing the energy storage. Furthermore, the design and the lifetime of battery can thus be improved. However, the use of hybrid energy storage system increases the complexity of the supply architecture, what need a reliable management strategy to well govern the system characteristics. In a HESS the energy management strategies dispatch the power between the two storage components. Many studies have been done on management strategies of hybrid energy storage system.
Project ObjectivesThe main Objective of our Project is to design and fabricate a electric bike based on variable dc motor and dual energy source. Some of the main objectives are:
1. To set the electrical and electronic setup of the wheel of cycle.
2. To design a controller for variable dc motor that could run the cycle
3. Using hybrid energy storage system (FCHESS) in place of conventional energy systems.
4. Super capacitors are introduced into the system, so that it gives high power density and high efficiency.
5. Battery will provide power when motor speed is low and for high speed super capacitor is used.
6. Fast charging technology is providing to the battery main source.
7. We control energy devices through energy management. system
Project Implementation MethodIn this project we will give 12V voltage be adopter which is rectified Ac to Dc. We will use the 7805 regulator to on the LCD and side by side we will use the smoothing capacitor for smooth DC. We will charge the batteries with constant current with fast charging circuit in which we will use the BJT and the MOSFET. The batteries cell charge in parallel with the help of charging relay. When the batteries cell charge completely then it will be connected in series to give the voltages to motor. The batteries and super- capacitor both is charge with supply voltages which are converted from Ac to DC So both sources will charge from the DC voltages. The super-capacitor also charge in parallel through source but discharge in series. In our project we will use 3 battery cells of 3.7V and 6800Ah rating that give us 12.6V. We use 5 super-capacitor of 2.7 V that give us 12.6V collectively. In normal condition the batteries will provide the power to the DC motor load so the battery relay will be on. When the load is increasing or we can increase the load by the help trotter so super-capacitor also give the power to the motor and side by side battery also give the power to the DC motor. We use the pic micro-controller that manages our battery management system. Normally the motor will be operate from the batteries when the load is increasing then the micro-controller will command the super-capacitor to discharge along the batteries as the result battery and super-capacitor both relays will be on. Super-capacitor with battery gives us a constant load . Supercapacitor and Lithium-ion hy -brid energy fast charging system as super-capacitor has high density and battery have high energy density. By combining these two features we have made energy source that have both high energy density and power density. These sources are control by energy management system which we set in pic micro-controller. In our project we will use the DC motor of 24 V and 3.5A rating motor. The DC goes to variable DC motor and motor will connected to shaft of vehicle and there is microcontroller that work according to the requirement of motor
Benefits of the ProjectThere are so many advantages of hybrid energy system. Now a day there is Excess utilization of natural fuels which case the air pollution so hybrid energy system technology helps us to completely resolve the air pollution issue. By this technology there will be reductions in size of petrol and diesel engine. This hybrid energy system that could save the fuel and reduce pollution. The hybrid energy system suitable for personal use and it has less maintenance cost. The hybrid energy system has high efficiency. In hybrid energy system the DC motor performance is improved by using PWM control. The charging profile and charging time will be improved.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableThis project is about to design and fabrication of an electric car that runs on battery and the super-capacitor. The advancement in Electric Vehicles, Drone and other mobile electronics seems to be promising for the future. One common thing among all these is that they are all powered by batteries. In the recent years, lithium-ion batteries have become the battery technology of choice for portable devices, electric vehicles and grid storage. While increasing numbers of car manufacturers are introducing electrified models into their offering, range anxiety and the length of time required to recharge the batteries are still a common concern. The high currents needed to accelerate the charging process have been known to increase energy efficiency and cause accelerated capacity and power fade. We are working on project already told fast charging it’s quite effective and necessary for society and economy and have highly effective impacts in this modern world. Basically in our project we are adopting the technique of fast charging in hybrid energy system. The problem is to develop a multi-objective model to design a Hybrid Energy System with battery and supercapacitor taking into consideration future system expansion. The design objectives are cost and CO2 gas emission minimization and reliability constraint which dictate that a certain percentage of the peak demand must be secured as a reserve. In our hybrid energy system we have two sources batteries and the super-capacitor. We will use these two sources run our vehicle as an engine.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry TelecommunicationOther Industries Petroleum Core Technology OthersOther Technologies BlockchainSustainable Development Goals Quality EducationRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 56625 | |||
| microcontroller | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| battery pack | Equipment | 5 | 600 | 3000 |
| diodes | Equipment | 12 | 50 | 600 |
| super capacitors | Equipment | 6 | 300 | 1800 |
| wiring | Equipment | 6 | 200 | 1200 |
| fibre board | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| leds and lcd | Equipment | 10 | 200 | 2000 |
| smoothing capacitor | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| 7805 regulator | Equipment | 1 | 100 | 100 |
| LM 35 | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| connector | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| BD139 | Equipment | 1 | 100 | 100 |
| resistors | Equipment | 25 | 1 | 25 |
| UN2001A | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| POWER relay | Equipment | 1 | 3000 | 3000 |
| variable dc motor | Equipment | 1 | 6000 | 6000 |
| IRF4905 MOSFET | Equipment | 1 | 200 | 200 |
| POLAR CAPACITOR | Equipment | 1 | 50 | 50 |
| crystle | Equipment | 1 | 50 | 50 |
| trottle | Equipment | 1 | 200 | 200 |
| IRFIZ44N | Equipment | 1 | 200 | 200 |
| shunt resistor | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| wheel | Equipment | 1 | 100 | 100 |
| adopter | Equipment | 1 | 4000 | 4000 |
| digital multimeter | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| soldering equipments | Equipment | 5 | 3000 | 15000 |
| miscellaneous charges | Miscellaneous | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |