Isolation,Enumeration and Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Predominant Microbial Communities Associate with Paper Currency
Summary: Currency notes are commonly contaminated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms and these organism play a significant role to harm humans from different diseases. Currency notes are necessary for good services worldwide and currency note used for buying daily use
2025-06-28 16:33:54 - Adil Khan
Isolation,Enumeration and Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Predominant Microbial Communities Associate with Paper Currency
Project Area of Specialization Biomedical EngineeringProject SummarySummary:
Currency notes are commonly contaminated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms and these organism play a significant role to harm humans from different diseases. Currency notes are necessary for good services worldwide and currency note used for buying daily uses things like milk and other things from super store and even drugs. The currency note acting as environmental vehicle for the transmission for pathogens microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.
The studies regarding transmission of infection from microbially contaminated currency is deficient in most developing countries and the lack of information may contribute to the absence of public health policies regarding currency usage, handling and circulation. The contaminated currency notes go in circulation and contaminate the hands of others, transmitting microorganisms in the process (Adelowo, 1990). The older the paper note the more accumulation of microbes occurs. Microorganisms are found almost everywhere in our environment. Some microorganisms are useful and some are pathogenic. Paper Currency can also be contaminated by droplets during coughing, sneezing, or other materials and placement on dirty surface. The pathogens which are found from the currency note they may cause wide variety of diseases from food poisoning, wound and skin infections, respiratory and gastrointestinal problems to life threatening diseases such as meningitis and septicemia. Anything that gets on hands can get on money. . There is a need for strict adherence to hygienic practices among money handlers. Storage of these contaminated notes in polythenes, cotton, leather bags in humid and dark conditions also favor the growth of bacteria on them. The present study was aimed at investigating the microbial contamination of currency notes of various occupational group including Bus conductor, Student, Street vendor, Sweeper, Lab assistant, Lecturer, Vegetable vendor, Pharmacist, Baker and Canteen patron, Rickshaw driver, Cashier in stationary shop, Construction and Butcher and their susceptibility to some commercially available hand sanitizers, hand washes and natural antimicrobials. With a number of infectious intestinal diseases, a low dose of the infectious agent is capable of causing illness. In 2002 Michaels, state that failure of food service workers to adequately sanitize their hands or use food handling tools between the handling of money and the serving of food could put food service patrons at risk.
This study is proposed to isolate the micro flora which found on currency notes collected from different persons, to analyze, characterize the microbial load and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in order to create public awareness and personal hygiene after handling currency notes and this study will also contribute to evaluate the effectiveness of sanitizers and hand washes against potential pathogens.
Project ObjectivesObjective:
This study is proposed to isolate the micro flora which found on currency notes collected from different persons, to analyze, characterize the microbial load and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in order to create public awareness and personal hygiene after handling currency notes and this study will also contribute to evaluate the effectiveness of sanitizers and hand washes against potential pathogens.
Project Implementation MethodMethodology:
Samples for currency notes will be collected from persons belonging to different professions.
Isolation of microorganisms from currency notes will be carried out using spread plate and Pour technique.
Identification of isolated microorganisms will be conducted by determining microscopic characteristics and macroscopic features on various selective, differential and enriched media.
The antimicrobial activity will be studied using Agar well-Diffusion method and diameter of the inhibition zones will also be recorded.
Benefits of the ProjectBenefits:
Based on these grounds, the study is proposed to isolate the microflora found on currency notes collected from different persons, to analyze, characterize the microbial load and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in order to create public awareness and personal hygiene after handling currency notes and this study will also contribute to evaluate the effectiveness of sanitizers and hand washes against potential pathogens.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableSamples for currency notes will be collected from persons belonging to different professions.
Isolation of microorganisms from currency notes will be carried out using spread plate and Pour technique.
Identification of isolated microorganisms will be conducted by determining microscopic characteristics and macroscopic features on various selective, differential and enriched media.
The antimicrobial activity will be studied using Agar well-Diffusion method and diameter of the inhibition zones will also be recorded.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry HealthOther Industries Medical Core Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for PeopleRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 49965 | |||
| Nutrient broth (oxoid) | Equipment | 1 | 9500 | 9500 |
| Sabourauds dextrose broth (oxoid) | Equipment | 1 | 8000 | 8000 |
| Technical Agar | Miscellaneous | 1 | 3500 | 3500 |
| Petri plates | Equipment | 36 | 140 | 5040 |
| Borer | Miscellaneous | 2 | 150 | 300 |
| Screw capped Glass tubes | Equipment | 50 | 275 | 13750 |
| Filter paper | Miscellaneous | 2 | 350 | 700 |
| Conical Flasks (100ml) | Equipment | 50 | 120 | 6000 |
| Conical flasks (250ml) | Equipment | 5 | 160 | 800 |
| Conical Flasks (500ml) | Equipment | 5 | 225 | 1125 |
| Yellow tips | Equipment | 3 | 300 | 900 |
| Blue tips | Equipment | 1 | 350 | 350 |