IOT BASED SMART HELMET FOR UNSAFE EVENT DETECTION FOR MINING INDUSTRY
A smart helmet is one application of IoT that helps and benefits coal miners and protects them from unsafe events during coal mining. Mining is a multifaceted industry that includes complex processes conducted in tunnels, underground, etc. This includes many risk factors which could harm the health
2025-06-28 16:24:57 - Adil Khan
IOT BASED SMART HELMET FOR UNSAFE EVENT DETECTION FOR MINING INDUSTRY
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryA smart helmet is one application of IoT that helps and benefits coal miners and protects them from unsafe events during coal mining. Mining is a multifaceted industry that includes complex processes conducted in tunnels, underground, etc. This includes many risk factors which could harm the health of mineworkers
The deadly gases of the coal mine have been detected by different sensors e.g. MQ2 is detecting methane, carbon monoxide and smoke, MQ135 is sensing carbon dioxide, MQ136 is detecting hydrogen sulphide and DHT11 is monitoring the change in temperature and humidity in the mine. After the detection of these conditions in case of any calamity, the information is sent to Arduino that will alert the miners by turning on the LCD display and buzzer.
As communication has been recognized as the major source of a problem in the time of disaster so we will be focusing on the areas such as interfacing with the control room and giving a quick emergency response to the mine.Therefore, the main purpose to design this project is to ensure the safety of the miners by identifying the sudden coming accidents and reporting them to the control room for immediate help.
Project ObjectivesMining is an extremely dangerous occupation as miners may be unaware of external conditions such as the temperature, pressure, etc. Sometimes Miners can strike with heavy mining objects and hard rock which endangers their life. In addition, these miners can inhale dangerous gases that put their life at risk and even if these gases are left unchecked it can explode the mine. In these circumstances, miners cannot communicate with the outside world. That is why there should be a smart helmet that protects them from various accidents.
The major goal of this project is to design such a system that could detect as well as communicate to the control room in case of an emergency. Methane, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide gases are hazardous for humans which are present in higher concentrations in mines. This system will help to overcome this problem and help to detect the gases at an early stage and communicate it to the control room.
Project Implementation MethodThe gas explosion is one of the major causes of the underground mine disaster. So, it is necessary to detect them at an early stage. Therefore, we are using MQ2, MQ135, and MQ136 to detect the level of Methane, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulphide respectively as these gases are present in more concentration than others. Also, we used the DHT11 sensor to monitor the temperature in mine. These are semiconductor-type sensors. At the same time, if gases level is increased above a threshold, the alert alarm will turn on.
In the implementation, we connect the sensors with Arduino to detect the gas. Whenever the gas is detected it will be displayed on the LCD and the buzzer will turn on that will alert the workers in the mine. The output generated from the sensors is fed to Analog Input to Arduino board. The analog data is carried by the ADC of Arduino. According to the voltage levels, it displays gas levels in ppm. Moreover, the sensitivity of the sensors can be adjusted by adjusting the potentiometer behind them.
For the Arduino UNO we have used power pins, ground pins, analog input pins to get data from sensors from A0 to A2, digital pin 7 to get data from a temperature and humidity sensor, and pins for I2c such as A5 and A4.
Benefits of the ProjectThis system can help save huge incidents and it is efficient enough to predict the future crisis and report it to the control room. It cannot only help in saving a miner’s life but also save the environment from pollution in case of mine blasting. The product that we are designing is environment friendly because it does not have any negative impact on the environment and most importantly it is saving human lives.
So, it benefits the mining industry as our major goal is to protect the life of miners from the major causes of mine disaster and save the mine from massive destruction.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableThe technical details of the deliverables are:
MQ2
MQ2 is one of the commonly used gas sensors used to detect gasses like Hydrogen, CO, and methane with or without a microcontroller. When the target explosive gas exists, the sensor has high conductivity along with the rising gas concentration.
MQ-135
The MQ-135 sensors are suitable for the detection of smoke and CO2. The MQ-135 sensor module comes with a Digital Pin which is used to operate even without a microcontroller and analog pin is used to measure the gases in PPM. When the target pollution gas exists, the sensor has high conductivity along with the rising gas concentration.
MQ-136 Sensor:
MQ136 sensor monitors the concentration of Hydrogen Sulphide gas. The sensor has six pins, four of them are used to obtain signals, while the other two are used for providing heating current. This module sensor provides a digital and analog output.
DHT11 Sensor:
DHT11 is a low cost, and fast responsive sensor used for sensing temperature and humidity. It ensures high reliability and excellent long-term stability. This sensor consists of a resistive-type humidity measurement component and an NTC temperature measurement component which is connected to a 8-Bit microcontroller such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc.
ESP32
For wireless communication, we’ll be using an ESP32 microcontroller. This provides Wi-Fi dual-mode Bluetooth connectivity to the devices. It has two CPU cores that can be individually controlled, operates at 80 to 240 MHz with adjustable clock frequency. The ESP32 combines a Wi-Fi transceiver, so it can not only connect to a Wi-Fi network and connect with the Internet, but it can also set up a network of its own, providing other devices to connect directly to it. ESP32 uses serial communication. There are three serial ports on the ESP32 that are UART0, UART1, and UART2. UART stands for Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter. It’s a physical circuit in a microcontroller. Its main purpose is to transmit and receive serial data.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry ITOther IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Decent Work and Economic GrowthRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 12680 | |||
| smoke sensor MQ2 | Equipment | 1 | 200 | 200 |
| smoke sensor MQ135 | Equipment | 1 | 250 | 250 |
| Buzzer 12Volt | Equipment | 1 | 20 | 20 |
| male to female 20cm jumper wire | Equipment | 1 | 90 | 90 |
| Jumper wire male to female 30cm | Equipment | 1 | 100 | 100 |
| DHT11 Humidity & temperature sensor | Equipment | 1 | 220 | 220 |
| LCD 2x1+A BLUE JHD | Equipment | 1 | 300 | 300 |
| MQ 136 sensor | Equipment | 1 | 4500 | 4500 |
| Arduino Uno | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| Breadboard | Equipment | 2 | 200 | 400 |
| Helmet | Equipment | 1 | 1150 | 1150 |
| ESP 32 | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| I2C | Equipment | 1 | 450 | 450 |
| Travelling expenditure | Miscellaneous | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |