IOT Based Precision Farming

Project Title

IOT Based Precision Farming

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

IOT BASED PRECISION FARMING:

By implementing the latest sensing and IoT technologies in agriculture practices, every aspect of traditional farming method can be fundamentally changed. Currently, seamless integration of wireless sensors and the IoT in smart agriculture can raise agriculture to levels which were previously unimaginable. By following the practices of smart agriculture, IoT can help to improve the solutions of many traditional farming issues, like drought response, yield optimization, land suitability, irrigation, and pest control. Major instances in which the advanced technologies are helping at various stages to enhance overall efficiency.

The proposed idea aims to focus on different scientific applications which could be put together in agricultural field for better accuracy with better productivity using less man-power. It includes a method for monitoring the agricultural fields from any remote location and assess the basic condition of the field. This monitoring system is based on Internet Of Things (IOT) and its end product can be commercialized.

Project Objectives

1. Up-gradation of the System:

In past days agriculturists used to figure the ripeness of soil and influenced presumptions to develop which to kind of product. They didn't think about the dampness, level of water and especially climate condition which horrible an agriculturist more. They utilize pesticides in view of a few suspicions which made lead a genuine impact to the yield if the supposition isn't right. The profitability relies upon the last phase of the harvest on which agriculturist depends.

2. Precision:

Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan's economy, which relies heavily on its major crops. But there is a vast gap between the acquired and actual production, which suffers due to lack of appropriate technology, use of inputs at improper times and inadequate education about insect pest control, which not only negatively affects the production but also significantly reduces the amount of output. Farmers mainly use synthetic chemicals for the control of insect pests, but these are used unwisely. To emphasize the major shortfalls and actual performance of major field crops, this system is design. It will not only give the accurate measurements of the parameters to the Farmers but will also guide them about the wise use of chemicals which will eventually increase the production rate of the crop.

3. Real Time Data Monitoring:

This multi parameter monitoring system is presented in this research where farmers/users will be updated with the help of internet. Internet of things (IoT) is used in an innovative way for smart remote monitoring system of crops. Sensor nodes are deployed in fields which gather data about different parameters. At transmission side these values are displayed and then the best suitable suggestion is appeared for the farmer to work on. A database is established for maintaining sensor values which could be helpful for research and analysis of environmental factors such as soil moisture, temperature, pH value, air pressure and humidity on crop production.

Project Implementation Method

Development of Hardware:

Sensors: There are five different sensors used in this project which are sensing soil moisture, temperature, humidity, NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) and pH values of the soil. These sensor values will then proceed to the controller.

Controller: The controller in this case ESP32 will read the sensor values and then publish them as messages in the broker/server through in-built wi-fi module.

Broker: The broker or server will receive the sensor values from the controller in the form of messages and will forward them to the client.

Monitoring Device: User will get all details of all the parameters involve in the farming through remote monitoring. The monitoring device will display the real time values of the sensors by subscribing the information stored in the broker.

Crop Based Suggestion: The monitoring device will also display a suggestion generated by the broker according to the sensor values stored in it.

Benefits of the Project

Soil Monitoring:

•Soil monitoring is the first step of examination to obtain field-specific information, which is then further used to make various critical decisions at different stages.

•The main objective of soil analysis is to determine the nutrient status of a field so that measures can be taken accordingly when nutrient deficiencies are found.

Crop Health Monitoring:

•Crop Health Monitoring helps monitor plant growth day-to-day. Detect potential yield threats such as diseases, pests, growth deficiency, irrigation blockages, damages from flood and more by tracking color changes.

•Observe the impacts of agricultural practices on crop performance. View the areas that have the fastest and slowest growing rates at a glance.

•Locate problematic spots and create a geographic database, Pinpoint the regions that need visiting priority. Check whether a crop has entered to the harvest cycle or not.

Nutrition Monitoring:

•Crop Nutritional Monitoring is the only tool that enables a proper diagnosis of a crop's nutritional state.

•This process consists of generating information in order to continually evaluate a plant's response to the fertilization plan applied, and for the monitoring and physiological control of that response.

Diseases and Bug Monitoring:

•Pesticides are harmful to human and animal health, leaving severe, even irreversible, impact to the environment, ultimately causing significant contamination to entire ecosystems.

•IoT based intelligent devices, such as wireless sensors, robots and drones are allowing the growers to slash pesticide uses significantly by precisely spotting crop enemies.

•Compared to traditional calendar or prescription based pest control procedures, modern IoT-based pest management provides real-time monitoring, modeling, disease forecasting, hence proving more effective.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

IOT Based Precision Farming is a commercialized product which will be used to provide monitoring of the real time conditions of the agricultural field. The user/farmer will be able to monitor soil moisture, humidity, temperature, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(NPK), pH value of the crop through latest and accurate sensors and modules. This project will also generate a suggestion on what to do, based on the sensor values. This system will not only reduce human effort but also increase the accurary level of the crop production.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry AgricultureOther IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Decent Work and Economic Growth, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	20000
Sensors/Modules	Equipment	6	250	1500
PCB and its fabrication	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Solar Power Supply	Equipment	1	7000	7000
Controllers	Equipment	2	1000	2000
Electronic Components	Equipment	1	1000	1000
Mount Case	Equipment	1	3500	3500
Printing, overheads, etc	Miscellaneous	1	3000	3000