IoT based Power Monitoring and Load Management of Generator with Power Factor Improvement
The electrical power systems are highly non-linear, extremely huge and complex networks. On the other hand, all the developed and countries have not sufficient supply of power. My Project focuses the detection of power failure and takes reflex action to solve the problem with help of different senso
2025-06-28 16:33:38 - Adil Khan
IoT based Power Monitoring and Load Management of Generator with Power Factor Improvement
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryThe electrical power systems are highly non-linear, extremely huge and complex networks. On the other hand, all the developed and countries have not sufficient supply of power. My Project focuses the detection of power failure and takes reflex action to solve the problem with help of different sensors and controller. The power failure will be detect by relay, and it communicates to raspberry pi to alerts the authorized person. In addition to that, parameters of Generator like Fuel level, Oil level, Temperature, battery status, etc., are monitored and communicated to authorized person. The acquired parameters are processed and recorded in the system memory. If there is any abnormality in their process, according to some predefined instruction and policies that are stored on the embedded system EEPROM then node MCU alerts to concerned person immediately. Furthermore, Generally Generator suffers from abnormal conditions such as over loading and vibrations, to predict these abnormalities an IoT based system is proposed to avoid unnecessary shutdowns. In the implementation of IOT based system, different sensors such as vibration sensors, current, temperature sensors are used to capture some essential parameters to monitor health condition of generator. Faults are being simulated using IOT based hardware equipment for test purpose and to create alters to the respected field operator on web page application.
Project Objectives- To review the main problems related to generator health monitoring and load management issues.
- To set different parameters related generator monitoring, over loading and power factor correction.
- To predict the abnormalities implement IOT based system to avoid unnecessary shutdowns.
- To interface IOT based software application for online and real time monitoring.
The hardware architecture consists of a stand-alone generator based on controller, sensors, relays, node MCU, driver circuit and mobile base application. The node MCU provides the communication by means of SMS messages. The SMS message consists of commands to be executed. Once receives negative signal from the EB supply, it sends the SMS to the user consisting of non-availability of power supply, fuel level, temperature of the coolant, etc. Then this data will be shown on a mobile app through a cloud base server as well as on LCD screen on a Generator. Further, when any nonlinear load is consuming more current than its actual rating and effecting on generated power then it will be shut down through the relay. The relay will be connected to microcontroller which gives data to relay according to installed program on it to turn on or turn off the exceeding load and manage on priority base which should be turn off and one more feature is added that this system to improve the power factor of the load in case of any extra or heavy inductive load turn on. The PF of the system will be improved through the capacitive bank.
The user can decide whether to switch the generator on/off and issue the command. Based on the message, the commands sent will be extracted and executed by the controller. In this case, if the EB power supply resumes, again the user is made to know the status of on-site.
Benefits of the ProjectReliability
This project is used for domestic and commercial places for providing continuity of power supply. The conventional generator does not have features like health monitoring of generator, load management, power factor improvement and real time monitoring. From these circumstances this project will provide these additive feature by which continuity of power supply without any failure.
Service Continuity
In this project we have implement the IOT based application by which we monitor each parameter of generator operating condition and load management. Therefore from this application real data can be catches at any location and take action before any failure.
Use Friendly
This Project provides real time data on user hand by which user easily monitor the generator parameters and loading parameters from time to time.
Energy efficiency
This feature is being added in case when inductive load are used and with the help of capacitive bank this non linearity has been improved result reactive power will be reduced.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableThe prototype type design of this project includes pf a main controller raspberry pi with different sensors. The load will be managed mainly by microcontroller by a program on it. This Project will show the status on LCD screen and mobile app.
Some main components are:
Raspberry Pi 4
The Controller we use in this project is raspberry pi and it’s a backbone of this project. Raspberry pi 4 will be used for collecting the data and for load management. Through the installed program on raspberry pi it will check then amperes of exceeding load and gives the signal to relay for on and off.
Node MCU
Node MCU is a low-cost open source IoT platform. It initially included firmware by which we will monitor real time data through google fire base.
Current Sensor ACS 712
Current Sensor ACS 712 is used for measuring the current. In this project we also used this sensor for measuring current of load for it proper monitoring for over load condition.
Voltage Sensor ZMPT 101
Voltage sensor are used for the measuring the voltages of any load. In this project we will used voltage sensor to monitor the generator voltages are according to need.
Relay Module
A power relay module is an electrical switch that is operated by an electromagnet. The electromagnet is activated by a separate low-power signal from a micro controller. When activated, the electromagnet pulls to either open or close an electrical circuit. In this project relay will work when current exceeds on any particular load then microcontroller will send a signal to relay module to turn down the load.
Level Sensor HCSR02 Ultrasonic
Ultrasonic sensor used to detect the distance to an obstacle in front. In this project we will use this sensor for the monitoring of the fuel and oil levels.
Capacitive Bank
A Capacitor Bank is a group of several capacitors of the same rating that are connected in series or parallel with each other to store electrical energy. The Capacitive bank is then used to correct a power factor lag or phase shift in an alternating current (AC) power supply. In this project we also used the capacitive bank to power factor in case of extra inductive load.
LCD 20*4
In a 20x4 LCD module, there are four rows in display and in one row twenty character can be displayed and in one display eighty characters can be shown. The LCD will be on the top of the generator which will display all the data of generator.
Mobile Application
Mobile application is used in this project for real time monitoring of the data sent by raspberry on any device on any location.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Education , Medical , Security Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 57500 | |||
| Raspberry pi 4 | Equipment | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |
| Node MCU | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Current Sensor ACS712 | Equipment | 4 | 500 | 2000 |
| 1 Voltage Sensor ZMPT101 | Equipment | 2 | 500 | 1000 |
| Relay Modules | Equipment | 4 | 150 | 600 |
| 20*4 LCD | Equipment | 1 | 1300 | 1300 |
| Capacitor Bank | Equipment | 1 | 6000 | 6000 |
| Level Sensor HCSR04 | Equipment | 2 | 150 | 300 |
| Temperature Sensor DS1820 | Equipment | 1 | 300 | 300 |
| Generator | Equipment | 1 | 20000 | 20000 |
| Android Application | Equipment | 1 | 12000 | 12000 |
| Additional Equipment and stationary | Miscellaneous | 1 | 3000 | 3000 |