Iot based power distribution transformer protection system
Distribution transformer is a step down transformer which converts high voltage level to low voltage level. The basic aim of this project is real time monitoring and finding the faults occurred in distribution transformer like Load current, Temperature, Oil level indication of the distribution trans
2025-06-28 16:33:38 - Adil Khan
Iot based power distribution transformer protection system
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryDistribution transformer is a step down transformer which converts high voltage level to low voltage level. The basic aim of this project is real time monitoring and finding the faults occurred in distribution transformer like Load current, Temperature, Oil level indication of the distribution transformer with the help of IoT (Internet of Thing).
If sudden fault occurs due to voltage spikes, excessive load, short circuit in the distribution transformer leads to excessive generation of temperature and the risk of fire and its damage to the equipment. To avoid all these damage or risk of failure, the parameters of the distribution transformer such as current, temperature and oil level etc were going to be measured in our project. This will help to reduce the working effort and protect the distribution transformer by identifying faults before failure and actions can be taken.
In this project, parameters of the distribution transformer like oil temperature and the temperature of the coil windings are being monitored by using IOT as well as an oil cooling system is employed for proper and efficient work with minimal operational losses which can increase as the core oil temperature increases.
The system will also provide a means to measure the voltages, current and power factor. Thereare also functions available to monitor the active reactance, apparent power and power factor of the distribution transformer and also the along with ability to overcome fluctuations on the main transmission line while handling the overvoltage at the level of the power distribution transformer.
Project ObjectivesThe basic objective of our project is to design IOT based protection system for transformer. We intend to have following qualities in it.
- Monitoring of over current.
- Detecting Temperature rise.
- Indication of oil level of the Distribution transformer.
- Power man protection.
Following is the method for Creation of IOT based protection system for transformer.
- Gain knowledge about Various Kinds of Transformer protection techniques by reading Research Papers (Literature Review)
- Develop Circuit Diagram
- Software Simulations
- Developing Code
- Hardware Structure Construction
- Configuration of Hardware with Microcontroller and other electronics modules involved.
- Using IOT for information on smart device.
Proper monitoring ofparameters with the help of IOT such like voltage,current,power factor and temperature. Faults will be detected in real time. Not only does the use of this system reduce the cost of physical inspection, but it can also help us improve the whole power distribution system by analyzing the data collected from each power distribution transformer. Analyzing this data can help us understand the real-time requirements regarding the capacity and load of the power distribution transformer at a given location and can save us from losses of millions of rupees each year due to lack of that information.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableThe final intended system protection scheme is based on a three-phase logic tripping mechanism. This system overcomes the issues of complete tripping of DT in overload time. The project scheme is designed to operate the DT at the low KVA rating by tripping the overload phase and reconnecting the phase after the load has reached the stable range. The goal of this project is to precisely measure the temperature, voltage; power factor and current on all windings using the Sensors then send their data to the monitoring station using Internet of Things technology. Real-time monitoring and data calculation automatically activates TMPS protection mechanism in the RTU. Automatic generation of email technology or sms and Failure Backup System (PFBS) in the event of a protection failure is also included.
Moreover, by using Internet of Things, all the values ??of the monitored parameters will also be transferred to a central server over the Internet where these values ??can be displayed on any computer system or smartphone using the Internet service.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry OthersOther IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies OthersSustainable Development GoalsRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 73600 | |||
| Wi-fi Module ESP8266 | Equipment | 3 | 700 | 2100 |
| PIC 18F452 | Equipment | 3 | 1500 | 4500 |
| PIC KIT 3 | Equipment | 2 | 2500 | 5000 |
| Current Transformer | Equipment | 5 | 800 | 4000 |
| Potential Transformer | Equipment | 5 | 800 | 4000 |
| Power Transformer 1 kva | Equipment | 1 | 17000 | 17000 |
| LCD 4*20 | Equipment | 3 | 750 | 2250 |
| Two Relay Module | Equipment | 5 | 450 | 2250 |
| Temperature Sensor | Equipment | 3 | 3500 | 10500 |
| Documentation | Miscellaneous | 1 | 6000 | 6000 |
| Travelling | Miscellaneous | 2 | 2000 | 4000 |
| Power Supply | Equipment | 3 | 4000 | 12000 |