IOT Based Greenhouse Environment Monitoring and Controlling System using Raspberry Pi
Greenhouse is controlled area environment that is used to grow plants. The maximum plant growth can be achieved through the continuous monitoring and controlling of environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light intensity and soil pH value. However, the direct interacti
2025-06-28 16:28:05 - Adil Khan
IOT Based Greenhouse Environment Monitoring and Controlling System using Raspberry Pi
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryGreenhouse is controlled area environment that is used to grow plants. The maximum plant growth can be achieved through the continuous monitoring and controlling of environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light intensity and soil pH value. However, the direct interaction of human in greenhouse environment is harmful for their health. Therefore, an automatic and intelligent system is proposed to control the greenhouse environment with less human interaction. The proposed project is simple, intelligent and low cost based on IoT using Raspberry Pi which can monitor environmental parameters inside the green house. The measured parameters are transmitted towards cloud through IoT module ESP8266. Our proposed module also incorporates optimized image processing techniques so that the user can monitor and control environmental parameters through android mobile application.
Project Objectives- To achieve maximum plant growth, the continuous monitoring and controlling of environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light intensity, soil pH etc.
- To design an intelligent control system which can maintain the environment of the greenhouse.
- To design a simple, low-cost system to monitor the values of environmental parameters and that are continuously updated and controlled in order to achieve optimum plant growth and yield.
- To display the observed parameters on screen/mobile.
- This system reduces the power consumption, maintenance and complexity.
- All the required components are initialized by supplying the required power of +5V. Four sensors, DHT11 sensor, LDR sensor, Soil moisture sensor and pH sensor are used. A cooling fan, exhaust fan, water pump, artificial light and motor pump are also connected to the Raspberry Pi. An Ethernet is used to send environmental parameters to android mobile phone. All environmental parameters are sending to server through Ethernet and stored in the database. So, the user can monitor and control parameters through android mobile application. For this, an android application is developed. Username and password are stored in database. An IoT module is used to transmit data to the cloud so that we can monitor the parameters remotely. DHT11 sensor is used to measure temperature and humidity. High temperature causes leaves to wilt and affect the ability of crops to produce fruit. An overheated greenhouse causes the soil to dry out quickly and use more water. By using a monitoring system, users can be alerted to threatening conditions.
- pH sensor is used to measure pH of the soil. The pH indicates a solution's acidity or alkalinity. The pH value usually varies between 0 and 14.
- Cost effective
- Most Effective for agriculture fields, nurseries and in botanical gardens.
- Low power consumption, maintenance and complexity.
- Continuous monitoring and data alert system by using Wi-Fi module
The implemented greenhouse system consists of two sections, monitoring section and controlling section. The monitoring section consists of DHT11 sensor, LDR sensor, Soil moisture sensor and pH sensor to monitor the environmental parameters. An IoT module is used to send environmental parameters to cloud, which are then accessed by android mobile phone. The controlling section consists of cooling fan, exhaust fan, water pump, artificial light and motor pump. Raspberry Pi microcontroller forms the heart of the system. Raspberry Pi is an open-source device. It provides 5V and 3.3V output voltage options. It takes input voltage from the computer using USB cable or from a portable power supply using a coaxial cable. Four sensors, DHT11 sensor, LDR sensor, Soil moisture sensor and pH sensor are used.
DHT11 sensor is used to measure both temperature and humidity. It is a low-cost temperature and humidity sensor. It has high reliability, high efficiency and long-time stability. It has a thermistor for measuring the temperature and a humidity measuring component for measuring humidity. A thermistor is a variable resistor. The resistance of thermistor changes with change in the temperature. Humidity sensing component has two electrodes with moisture holding substrate between them. So as the humidity changes, resistance between the electrode’s changes. This change in resistance is measured. The operating voltage is 3.3V and 5V along with two metal rods pass current through the soil and resistance is measured. If the water is more, resistance is low and if the water is less, resistance is high. It also consists of a potentiometer to vary the sensitiveness of the sensor.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry AgricultureOther IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Sustainable Cities and CommunitiesRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 55990 | |||
| Raspberry Pi | Equipment | 1 | 12000 | 12000 |
| DHT11 sensor | Equipment | 3 | 420 | 1260 |
| Soil Moisture | Equipment | 4 | 585 | 2340 |
| LDR Sensor | Equipment | 6 | 65 | 390 |
| pH Sensor | Equipment | 2 | 2300 | 4600 |
| Wi-Fi module | Equipment | 1 | 1200 | 1200 |
| Cooling fan | Equipment | 5 | 740 | 3700 |
| Exhaust fan | Equipment | 3 | 600 | 1800 |
| Water pump | Equipment | 2 | 650 | 1300 |
| Artificial light | Equipment | 2 | 800 | 1600 |
| Motor pump | Equipment | 2 | 400 | 800 |
| Miscellaneous Item | Miscellaneous | 1 | 4500 | 4500 |
| Glass frame Structure | Equipment | 1 | 20500 | 20500 |