IoT Based Control and Monitoring System for Off-Seasonal Plantation
Mostly, traditional cultivation methods that are centuries old are being used in agriculture in different parts of the world. As the population of the world is increasing drastically, the available techniques are insufficient, and the yield produced is very low because farmers are not using modern c
2025-06-28 16:28:03 - Adil Khan
IoT Based Control and Monitoring System for Off-Seasonal Plantation
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryMostly, traditional cultivation methods that are centuries old are being used in agriculture in different parts of the world. As the population of the world is increasing drastically, the available techniques are insufficient, and the yield produced is very low because farmers are not using modern cultivation techniques. They are utilizing more resources in cultivation and, as a result, the per capita crop cost is not so economical. The cost of cultivation depends upon the methods which farmers utilize in agriculture. The farmer must spend all day and night taking care of crops, checking diseases, watering, greenhouse temperature control, avoiding pests and insecticides, etc. If any of the described duties are neglected by farmers, then whole crop can be ruined.
The main problem is that farmers have a lot of responsibilities in taking care of crops as described earlier i.e., watering, insects’ control, etc. Off-season vegetables and fruits are sold at high prices in the market. Our farmers have yet not been able to get benefited from this opportunity by growing off-seasonal vegetables and fruits and still using traditional methods. In the absence of storage infrastructure and vegetable processing industry in the country, off-season vegetable farming is the only viable option that can add value to the farmer's production.
In this project, we will design IoT application for agriculture in Pakistan which can be used for large-scale plant production, where automation will be quite beneficial. For that purpose microcontroller will be integrated with the sensors and real time transfer of information from sensor to microcontroller will occur. Software as well as hardware protoype will be implemented.
Project ObjectivesThe objectives of our FYP are as follows:
- Design a smart and automatic monitoring and controlling system with access to IoT for the selected vegetables.
- Implementation of the designed system as prototype.
- Validation of prototype with experimental results.
Experimental Set-Up:
In monitoring and controlling system for the growth of Off-Seasonal Plants, a microcontroller is the main processing unit. Other sensors will be integrated with the microcontroller and real-time transfer of information from the sensor to microcontroller will occur. Each sensor will monitor the respective function that it is designed to do. The microcontroller will communicate with the Wi-Fi module that will be connected to the internet, and will receive data about the proper growth of our off-seasonal plants.
Approach:
The method used for analysis in this project will be mainly dominated by quantitative analysis. We will use sensors as our measuring parameters to provide us with quantitative data. The basic parameters in our project are temperature, humidity, moisture, and irrigation. Sensors can be used for both the qualitative and quantitative measurement of physical variables. These sensors will be the most important elements of our project as a slight mistake in the value of a quantity can alternate the overall result.
Block Diagram:
Fig.1 represents the block diagram of the general working of the system. The block diagram illustrates how the system will work. All the blocks are designed to show the sequence of operation. This Fig.1 illustrates the steps/sequence for information and data flow.
1. Power Supply to the Microcontroller:
The microcontroller will be powered by battery of (5~15V DC) or some other source of DC supply for proper functioning.
2. Microcontroller:
It receives information from sensors and sends information to the Wi-Fi Module. This type of microcontroller is used in many industrial applications and is user friendly. Besides this, the PIC microcontroller can be easily programmed, and the data stored in it can be easily erased or modified depending upon the conditions. The use of this microcontroller depends upon application, and it is commonly utilized for home appliances and in other electronic devices.
3. Sensors:
This portion contains all the sensors for the measurement of different parameters, such as temperature, humidity, moisture, and water level.
4. Wi-Fi Module:
It receives information from microcontroller and sends the information to the app server. Finally, sends the received information from app server to the microcontroller for the desired operation.
5. Monitoring and Control:
It is a mobile or computer application that informs the user about system updates and sends the information from user to the Wi-Fi module.
Benefits of the ProjectFollowing are some benefits of this project:
- Designed smart monitoring and the controlling system can be used in Pakistan to increase the yield of off-seasonal plants with the help of automation.
- The outcomes of the proposed work can be applied to large-scale plant production where automation will be very helpful and IoT will make it very accessible, and farmers can grow off-seasonal plants easily and can make smart and economic decisions.
- This project will increase the demand of off-seasonal vegetables and fruits and this will automatically increase our exports.
- Microcontroller based system operates to control the plant environment to finalize the specific condition that is set to induce favourable plant growth.
- Water pump operated through relay in less moisture condition that is observed through soil moisture sensor, Exhaust fan operated through relay in high temperature environment that can be found through temperature sensor perform the tasks of having a required moisture and temperature along with humidity condition respectively to follow the required condition of our planted off-seasonal vegetables.
- Similarly monitored environment of light through light intensity sensor gives us the value of light intensity that is controlled through light blockage sheet gives the required suitable light to plant.
- A well controlled environment gives the final required result of vegetable growth and that environment is simulated on proteus.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 60576 | |||
| Arduino Mega (2560 R3) | Equipment | 2 | 2950 | 5900 |
| Humidity & Temperature Sensor (DHT11) | Equipment | 4 | 660 | 2640 |
| LCD 16 *2 (LM016L) | Equipment | 2 | 360 | 720 |
| Water Level Sensor | Equipment | 4 | 160 | 640 |
| 12V, 30A DC Power Supply | Equipment | 2 | 5500 | 11000 |
| 12V DC Motor | Equipment | 2 | 850 | 1700 |
| 12V DC Fan | Equipment | 8 | 260 | 2080 |
| Heating Thermostat 16A, 230V | Equipment | 4 | 3599 | 14396 |
| Frame (Iron Box) | Equipment | 1 | 9500 | 9500 |
| Shading | Equipment | 1 | 4000 | 4000 |
| Accessories (Wires, Breadboard, etc) | Miscellaneous | 1 | 8000 | 8000 |