Internet Of Things (IoT) Based Monitoring and Control System of Distribution Transformer.
Distribution transformers function in distribution networks defined by lower voltages. whereas distribution transformer ratings range from 11kv, 6.6kv, 3.3kv, 440v, and 230v.. The life of the distribution transformer can be significantly increased by operating it at a rated suitable condition as per
2025-06-28 16:28:01 - Adil Khan
Internet Of Things (IoT) Based Monitoring and Control System of Distribution Transformer.
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject SummaryDistribution transformers function in distribution networks defined by lower voltages. whereas distribution transformer ratings range from 11kv, 6.6kv, 3.3kv, 440v, and 230v.. The life of the distribution transformer can be significantly increased by operating it at a rated suitable condition as per specification. However, if they are overloaded, their life is essentially decreased because of unexpected failures and supply loss to many customers. It is being investigated that there are big issues that have occurred regarding safety as well as damage to transformers in the past. Even nowadays, many accidents happen in Pakistan, like the previous case in Hyderabad. The transformers become damaged or explode due to the unbalancing of the following parameters,
i. Oil issues.
ii. Over Heating.
iii. Over Loading.
iv. Vibration.
v.Humidity.
It can be dangerous to human safety near transformers, and also the investment of millions of rupees is bearing a huge loss. Most of the distribution transformers are remotely located in rural areas where regular monitoring by human observation is difficult to perform due to insufficient human resources. The main reasons for failure in distribution transformers are overloading and non-efficient cooling.
To monitor the Transformer parameters sent to the desired location anywhere in the world through IoT.
Here consider the following parameters which are monitored,
1. Over-Voltage: It is sensed by an AC/DC voltage sensor. ZMPT 101 AC Voltage sensor we have used here for input voltages and DC voltage sensor we have used for output voltages.
2. Over Current: It is sensed by the current sensor, which is the ACS712 current sensor. which feels the current (I) and sends info for display on the LCD and internet webpage.
3. Oil Level: The oil level sensor detects the level of oil in the transformer tank and sends data for display on the LCD and internet webpage.
4. Temperature Rise: Detected by using an LM35 temperature sensor. It measures the temperature of the transformer.
This technique consists of analyzing the parameters such as voltage current, temperature, rise and fall in oil level, and humidity with the help of ARDUINO MEGA 2560. All parameter values are sent to monitoring Nod-MCU, through GPRS. If any abnormal condition occurs, it sends an immediate message to the corresponding engineer through GSM, and similarly, on the web page, we can get an alert about it through GPRS.
An engineer at the transformer cannot continuously keep an eye on the transformer therefore given the proposed system does communicate with us at abnormal conditions of the distribution transformer through GSM/ GPRS module.
Project Objectives- To design and the modeling of Distribution Transformer.
- To design the protection scheme of DistributionTransformer.
- To monitor the performance parameters of distribution transformer through load management schedule
- To comparing the results Prototype model and Simulink model of Distribution Transformer.
To monitor the Transformer parameters sent to the desired location anywhere in the world through IoT.
Here consider the following parameters which are monitored,
1. Over-Voltage: It is sensed by an AC/DC voltage sensor. ZMPT 101 AC Voltage sensor we have used here for input voltages and DC voltage sensor we have used for output voltages.
2. Over Current: It is sensed by the current sensor, which is the ACS712 current sensor. which feels the current (I) and sends info for display on the LCD and internet webpage.
3. Oil Level: The oil level sensor detects the level of oil in the transformer tank and sends data for display on the LCD and internet webpage.
4. Temperature Rise: Detected by using an LM35 temperature sensor. It measures the temperature of the transformer.
This technique consists of analyzing the parameters such as voltage current, temperature, rise and fall in oil level, and humidity with the help of ARDUINO MEGA 2560. All parameter values are sent to monitoring Nod-MCU, through GPRS. If any abnormal condition occurs, it sends an immediate message to the corresponding engineer through GSM, and similarly, on the web page, we can get an alert about it through GPRS.
An engineer at the transformer cannot continuously keep an eye on the transformer therefore given the proposed system does communicate with us at abnormal conditions of the distribution transformer through GSM/ GPRS module.
Benefits of the ProjectThe life of the distribution transformer can be significantly increased by operating it at a rated suitable condition as per the specification monitored in this project.
It can improve human safety nearby transformer and alsosave the investment of million rupees, which is a huge loss .
It increases reliability and continuity of supply of power to consumers.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableTransformer parameters are sent to the desired location anywhere in the world through IoT.
Here consider the following parameters which are monitored,
1. Over-Voltage: It is sensed by an AC/DC voltage sensor. ZMPT 101 AC Voltage sensor we have used here for input voltages and DC voltage sensor we have used for output voltages.
2. Over Current: It is sensed by the current sensor, which is the ACS712 current sensor. which feels the current (I) and sends info for display on the LCD and internet webpage.
3. Oil Level: The oil level sensor detects the level of oil in the transformer tank and sends data for display on the LCD and internet webpage.
4. Temperature Rise: Detected by using an LM35 temperature sensor. It measures the temperature of the transformer.
This technique consists of analyzing the parameters such as voltage current, temperature, rise and fall in oil level, and humidity with the help of ARDUINO MEGA 2560. All parameter values are sent to monitoring Nod-MCU, through GPRS. If any abnormal condition occurs, it sends an immediate message to the corresponding engineer through GSM, and similarly, on the web page, we can get an alert about it through GPRS.
An engineer at the transformer cannot continuously keep an eye on the transformer therefore given the proposed system does communicate with us at abnormal conditions of the distribution transformer through GSM/ GPRS module.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry ManufacturingOther Industries Education , IT Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Artificial Intelligence(AI)Sustainable Development Goals Quality EducationRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 26600 | |||
| Transformer | Equipment | 2 | 500 | 1000 |
| Voltage Sensor | Equipment | 2 | 500 | 1000 |
| ACS-172 Current Sensor | Equipment | 2 | 500 | 1000 |
| LM 35 Temperature | Equipment | 2 | 500 | 1000 |
| Water level sensor | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| ARDUINO Mega 2560 | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| Nod MCU Iot Board | Equipment | 1 | 4000 | 4000 |
| LCD 16x2 pixels | Equipment | 2 | 500 | 1000 |
| Relay Module 2-Channel | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| Jumper s+ Veroboard | Equipment | 2 | 300 | 600 |
| Thesis Diary book | Miscellaneous | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Auxiliary Stuff | Miscellaneous | 1 | 3000 | 3000 |
| Miscellaneous Expenditures | Miscellaneous | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |