Implementation of 5G Architecture through Passive Optical Network

Project Title

Implementation of 5G Architecture through Passive Optical Network

Project Area of Specialization Information & Communication TechnologyProject Summary

From 1980, with the improvement in wireless communication, mobile wireless technologies have accomplished uprising and exposure starting with 0G to up till now that is 4G. This disclosure will not end with 4G but rather keep up to evolve into furthermore i.e. 5G and so on. . However, the performance of the 5G network primarily depends on the underlying network that connects various components of the system. A major shift in 5G network architecture is the use of CRAN (Centralize Radio Access Network). Traditional RAN (Radio Access Network) architecture has BTS (Base Transmission station) in the cell site to serve a small area with a fixed number of antennas. Traditional BTS is composed of two basic units i.e. Remote Radio Head and Baseband Unit in a cell site. CRAN (centralized Radio Access network) splits the functionality of traditional BTS where radio function performed through RRH remains at the radio site While BBU is migrated from cell tower to central offices in a shared location. As a result of this separation, a new RAN interface is evolved called the Front haul interface. The front haul is the network connection between BBU and RRH.

Currently, the front haul segment uses point-to-point fiber, copper cable, or microwave links, which will be non-economical and insufficient to meet the stringent high bandwidth and low latency requirements in 5G. A WDM-PON, with the advantage of shared fiber infrastructure, is an excellent candidate for the new 5G architecture. A passive optical network (PON) is a fiber-optic network utilizing a point-to-multipoint topology and optical splitters to deliver data from a single transmission point to multiple user endpoints. Optical splitters are not wavelength selective and simply divide any optical wavelengths in the downstream direction. WDM is one of the most widely used technology for high-capacity optical communication systems. In the WDM transmission system at the transmitter side, multiple optical transmitters – each emitting at a different wavelength – individually send signals, and these signals are multiplexed by a wavelength multiplexer (MUX). The multiplexed signals are then transmitted over one main transmission line (Optical fiber cable). At the receiver side, the signals are de-multiplexed by a wavelength DE multiplexer (DEMUX) and sent to multiple receivers.

This work also aims to employ the concept of FSO at the front haul section of the 5G networks and replace the extensive deployment of optical fiber media in densely populated areas. The same will reduce the cost of implementation; however, deployment of the FSO link will reduce the performance of the system in terms of data rate. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the performance of the deployed system in terms of data rates and the number of supported users under different weather conditions.

Project Objectives

This work aims to propose a suitable architecture for the deployment of WDM-PON and FSO for 5G communication networks at the front haul. The same can be done by achieving the following objectives:

1. Implementation of a WDM-PON architecture with employing an optical fiber cable to provide the required data rates.            

2. Implementation of WDM PON will be done using two topologies  a) Ring Topology   b) Tree Topology

3. Implement a robust FSO architecture at the distribution level (front end) to support the required data rates.

4. Perform system analysis by referring to different performance parameters like Bitrate,   several users, cable length, and Attenuation in terms of BER, Quality factor, and Eye Diagram.

5. Evaluate the performance of the proposed models under different channel frequencies.

6. CAPEX of the proposed model will be evaluated for the FSO model and Tree and Ring Topology and will be compared.

Project Implementation Method

The given objectives can be achieved by following the given methodology:

1. An extensive literature review will be performed to facilitate the implementation of WDM-PON architecture and FSO for 5G communications networks.  
2. A complete setup will be designed starting from the OLT to the ONTs to facilitate the seamless flow of Bits rate between the transmitter and receiver modules.
3. The performance of the proposed model will be evaluated in terms of BER, Quality factor, and Eye diagram under different performance parameters to determine the feasibility of the proposed model for implementation at the front haul section of the 5G networks.
4. The proposed model will be implemented in OptiSystem and performance analysis will be performed to validate the mathematical Analysis.
5. Cost analysis of the proposed model will be performed in terms of deployment cost (CAPEX) to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed model with existing counterparts.

Benefits of the Project

This project will provide a WDM-PON-based  front haul architecture for 5G Network. The Benifts of this project is

1. Provide better security and scalability because each home receiver has its wavelength.
2. Allow each subscriber to access the full bandwidth accumulated by wavelengths.
3. As FSO  use air as a medium for transmission, hence it is licenses free operation
4. Installation is easy.
5. The cost is moderate.
6. Offer a higher bit rate.
7. BER Analysis for different Architecture.
8. Maintenance time is short.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The final deliverable are both Hardware and software

A. Hardware Deliverables:

1.    Laser Diode 
2.    Photo Diode
3.    Microcontroller 
4.   Temprature Sensor
5.    Water Sensor 
6.    Smoke Sensor 
7.    Fog Sensor

B. Software Deliverables:

1. WDM PON Archeticture 
2. Ring Topology 
3. Tree Topology

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry TelecommunicationOther Industries IT Core Technology OthersOther Technologies Internet of Things (IoT)Sustainable Development Goals Decent Work and Economic GrowthRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	74104
laser Diode	Equipment	1	2755	2755
Photodiode	Equipment	1	5829	5829
Microcontroller STM32 F103C8 Discovery Board	Equipment	1	16220	16220
Temprature Sensor	Equipment	1	4000	4000
Fog Sesor CE IP 44	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Water Sensor	Equipment	1	1500	1500
Water Shower	Equipment	1	1000	1000
Fog Bomb	Equipment	4	600	2400
Smoke Bomb	Equipment	4	600	2400
FSO Chamber Body	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Bread Boards	Equipment	2	300	600
Wiring kits	Equipment	3	300	900
Stationary	Miscellaneous	1	3000	3000
Market Visit	Miscellaneous	1	7000	7000
Glue Sticks	Equipment	5	50	250
Convex Lens	Equipment	4	2250	9000
Mirrors	Equipment	4	500	2000
Glue Sticks	Equipment	5	50	250
Convex Lens	Equipment	4	2250	9000
Mirrors	Equipment	4	500	2000