Garbage Sorting Machine

Project Title

Garbage Sorting Machine

Project Area of Specialization Mechatronics EngineeringProject Summary

Pakistan generates about 40.5 million loads of solid waste a year which has been increasing over a pair of 2% annually. The government of West Pakistan (GOP) estimates that 87000 loads of solid waste are generated per day, principally from major metropolitan areas.

The global waste recycling services market was valued at 55.1 billion U.S. dollars in 2020, and was estimated at 57.69 billion U.S. dollars in 2021.

We are introducing a mechanical system that is enable of segregating and sorting of different compound materials, i.e. metal, plastic, and paper. We have considered only dry wastes as the wet ones are not sustainable to segregate and very much impossible to recycle.

Small industries or companies can also install this product on their sites as the main idea was to target small business owners. So that we can sell more and more products. Regarding the project size, it is very viable to move it from place to place.

We, as Pakistani citizens, have a tendency and vision to beat this issue and to find a solution to this problem. We got a winner mentality to overcome the challenges, have the flexibility and support from our college and university.

We consider it as a responsibility to our society and can undoubtedly bring home the best rewards after solving this problem.

Project Objectives

The 3 core objectives of the project are:

1. To segregate different compound materials, i.e. metal, plastic, and paper.
2. Boost the economy of the country by reselling recycled products. A study estimates that the price of 6 recycled cans is equal to 1 newly made can. It means that we can literally enhance the country’s wealth with these trash materials.
3. Another great achievement that can be accomplished is a clean environment. Imagine our dear country Pakistan, without any trash or unwanted materials on the streets. Yes, it can be achieved with time.

The use of robots in sorting is serving and will, within the future, create a big contribution to the assembly of high-quality secondary raw materials from waste, within the sense of a utilization economy.  Evaluating the automation of municipal waste sorting plants by supplementing or substitution manual sorting, with sorting by an automaton.

The objectives were to extend the present utilization rates and therefore the purity of the recovered materials, to gather extra materials from the present rejected flows, and to enhance the operating conditions of the employees, United Nations agency may then target, among alternative things, the upkeep of the robots.

Project Implementation Method

Staring from the project design, the main conveyor belt is the core component of our system in which a magnetic bar is present at the top of the belt to separate any metallic parts from the garbage that is running on the belt. After that, a vacuum pump installed after the magnetic bar will such any paper that is being part of the trash. (Note: Plastic shoppers are not part of the garbage as they cannot be recycled. As our idea is to recycle materials to use them again and again.)

Finally, the remaining plastic will be left out and can be collected in a trash bin at the end of the conveyor belt.

In manual sorting of useful waste, the materials are all known through the employment of human visual review by the sorters. The scale of the fabric to be grasped, the depth of the commingled waste on the conveyor, and therefore the speed of the conveyor all play a task within the identification of materials. All material handling is finished manually.

In the machine-driven sorting of useful waste, varied sensing and material handling technologies are often applied, relying in several cases on the actual materials concerned. Aluminiferous objects are often known.

Benefits of the Project

Several benefits and advantages are already being listed above. So now, further explaining them.

If recycling is adopted as an industry, it can generate revenues of Rs. 530 million (US dollars 8.8 million) per year and can also save an enormous amount of energy, as well as natural resources. As we are a developing nation and we can be a production hub (due to our cheap labor) for several branded products of the world, we will have tons of waste to segregate and reuse, saving ourselves a lot of money.

The waste matter itself or the merchandise material is often reused or regenerated into new products or staples, like paper, glass, plastics containers and luggage, laborious plastic, metal, wood product, e-waste, textile, etc. on the far side of these sorts, alternative waste is non-recyclable.

Many of our solid or wet waste does not reach their final disposal sites. In highly developed Western countries, most solid waste generated winds up in landfills, incinerators, or other recycling centers. In Pakistan, much of the waste generated is recovered for recycling before it ever reaches disposal points.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The garbage will enter the conveyor belt from one side. The dimensions of the conveyor are 4(L) x 1.5(W) x 0.4(H) ft. The motor we are using for moving the conveyor is a DC Geared motor of 24Volts with 25N.M output torque. The RPM of the motor is 200. The reason we are using a geared motor is that we can achieve a much greater torque with low voltage. The magnet we are using is permanent magnets. A total of 4 pieces are being used for it. A low-carbon steel material magnet is being used for this project. The dimension for magnet is 0.33(L) x 0.08(W) x 0.01(H) ft. Having strong adhesive Force Action with a pull force of 500gm.

After the segregation of metallic pieces is done, the vacuum pump will start its process of separating paper from plastic. This motor operates at 1400 Watts power with pressure creating of 45kPa for a vacuum pump with a propeller attached. The whole vacuum pump is attached with the conveyor on its sides.

At last, the remaining plastic will be collected in a bucket easily.

Many of the known barriers can be addressed with the assistance of pc vision, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (based on optical recognition and intelligent analysis algorithms). The arrival of computing and robotic technology has the potential to revolutionize the planning and operation of municipal waste sorting plants.  

But we are still using the mechanical structure is because to keep things simple and keep the prices as low as possible.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry HealthOther IndustriesCore Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Climate ActionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	58950
Side Channel	Equipment	2	1250	2500
Magnet	Equipment	4	1000	4000
Rollers	Equipment	2	550	1100
Chain	Equipment	1	200	200
Conveyor DC Motor	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Vacuum Pump	Equipment	1	22000	22000
Filter for Vacuum	Equipment	1	5000	5000
Nuts & Bolts	Equipment	10	50	500
Conveyor Belt	Equipment	1	5000	5000
Bearings & Brackets	Equipment	4	560	2240
Shaft	Equipment	3	250	750
Motor Controller	Equipment	2	1000	2000
Welding Electrodes	Equipment	8	20	160
Gears	Equipment	2	500	1000
Printing	Miscellaneous	30	150	4500
Bucket	Equipment	1	1000	1000
Power Source	Equipment	1	5000	5000